The highlands in northern Scotland, UK. Also called the Scottish Highlands. Refers to the entire highlands north of the isthmus between the Firth of Forth on the east and the Firth of Clyde on the west. The highest peak, Ben Nevis (1,343m), is also the highest peak in the British Isles. The Highlands are divided into two by the Caledonian Isthmus, with the northwestern part being called the Northwestern Highlands and the southeastern part being dominated by the Grampian Mountains. The Highlands are a mountain range made up of rocks, mainly granite, metamorphic rocks from the Precambrian to Cambrian periods, stretching from the Scandinavian Peninsula to northern Ireland, and are part of the Caledonian orogen of the Paleozoic era. During the Ice Age, it was under the thick Scottish ice sheet, and the mountains and valleys were eroded by the glaciers, forming U-shaped valleys and cirques surrounding the rocky peaks, creating a scenic landscape of rocky peaks, forests and lakes. Located at the northern tip of Great Britain, it is wet and cool, with heathered marshes spreading across the highlands and lowlands, and forests limited to the valley slopes. Peat extracted from the marshes is used as fuel for Scotch whisky production, and gives it a unique taste and aroma. The population density is low, and most areas are uninhabited, but small villages are scattered along the valleys. There are many high marshes and rocky mountains eroded by ice, and only a small amount of land is used for grazing. In summer, the mountainside, except for the rocky areas, is covered with red-purple heather flowers. In recent years, it has come into the spotlight as a tourist destination, and is crowded with tourists in the summer. Inverness, at the northeastern end of the Caledonian Isthmus, is the tourist center and is also known as the capital of the Highlands. Administratively, it straddles three counties (counties): Highland, Grampian, and Tayside. [Kazunori Koike] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリス、スコットランド北部の高地。スコットランド高地ともいう。東側のフォース湾と西側のクライド湾との間の地峡より北方全体の高地をさす。最高峰ベン・ネビス山(1343メートル)はイギリス諸島の最高峰でもある。ハイランドはカレドニア地峡により二分され、北西部は北西ハイランドとよばれ、南東部はグランピアン山脈が広い面積を占めている。ハイランドは、スカンジナビア半島からアイルランド北部へ延びる先カンブリア~カンブリア紀の変成岩、花崗(かこう)岩を主とする岩石のつくる山地で、古生代のカレドニア造山帯の一部となっている。氷河時代には厚いスコットランド氷床下にあり、山や谷は氷河の侵食作用を受け、谷にはU字谷が、また岩峰を取り巻くように圏谷(カール)群が形成され、岩峰と森と湖の織り成す風光明媚(めいび)な風景がつくられた。グレート・ブリテン島北端に位置し、湿潤冷涼なためヒースの茂る湿地が高地や低地に広がり、森林は谷の斜面に限られる。湿地より切り出される泥炭(ピート)は、スコッチウイスキー製造の燃料として使われ、独特の味と香りを醸し出している。 人口密度は低く、無人地域が大部分であるが、谷沿いに小村が点在する。高位湿地や氷食を受けた露岩山地が多く、放牧地として利用される土地もわずかである。夏、露岩地帯を除く山腹は、赤紫のヒースの花に覆われる。近年、観光地として脚光を浴び、夏季は観光客でにぎわう。カレドニア地峡の北東端インバネスが観光の中心地で、ハイランドの首都ともよばれる。行政上はハイランド、グランピアン、テイサイドの三カウンティー(県)にまたがる。 [小池一之] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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