Two thin alloy plates with different thermal expansion coefficients are bonded together to make one plate, and the bending caused by the difference in the expansion of each alloy as the temperature changes (as the temperature rises, the plate bends toward the lower expansion material) is utilized. Bimetal thermometers and automatic temperature recorders use this bending as it is (enlarged). There are also temperature regulators that use this bending to open and close electrical contacts. The most typical example is the combination of bronze (copper-tin alloy) and amber (iron-nickel alloy), in which the difference in the linear thermal expansion coefficient is 1.8 x 10-5 per 1°C. Depending on the application, the thickness of each material can be changed or another metal can be sandwiched between them to adjust the degree and strength of the bending. Most bimetal thermometers have a scale range of -20 to +150°C, but the bronze-amber combination can be used up to 650°C. [Hiroshi Oikawa] [Reference] | |Temperature control is done by changing the relative positions of the contacts. The bimetal is placed in a thermostatic chamber . Principles of thermostats and various bimetals Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
熱膨張係数の異なる2枚の合金薄板を張り合わせて1枚の板とし、温度変化に伴う各合金の伸びの違いによる曲がり(温度上昇に伴い低膨張材側へ曲がる)を利用するもの。この曲がりをそのまま(拡大して)利用するものに、バイメタル温度計や温度自動記録計がある。さらに、この曲がりにより電気接点を開閉する温度調節計などがある。もっとも代表的な例は青銅(銅‐スズ合金)とアンバー(鉄‐ニッケル合金)の組合せで、この場合には線熱膨張係数の差は1℃当り1.8×10-5となる。用途により各素材の厚さを変えたり、中間に別の金属を挟んだりして、曲がりの程度や強さを加減する。普通のバイメタル温度計の目盛り範囲は零下20~プラス150℃程度のものが多いが、青銅‐アンバーの組合せでは最高650℃までは使用可能である。 [及川 洪] [参照項目] | |温度調節は接点の相対位置を変えて行う。バイメタルは恒温槽に入っている©Shogakukan"> サーモスタットの原理と各種バイメタル 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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