Law of the excluded middle

Japanese: 排中律 - はいちゅうりつ(英語表記)law of the excluded middle
Law of the excluded middle

A law of logic that states that for any proposition, it is either true or false, with no in-between. Using symbols, it can be thought of as an assertion that A < ~ A (either A or not A) is true for any proposition A. Alternatively, it can be formulated as saying that any proposition is either true or false. Like the law of contradiction, the law of the excluded middle is a law of logic that was already known in ancient times, but with the development of modern logic, the idea that it does not always apply has gradually become more prevalent. In fact, from the standpoint of intuitionism, which seeks to develop mathematics and logic constructively, or multi-valued logic, which says that the truth value of a proposition is not limited to true and false, the law of the excluded middle is not a law of logic that generally applies.

[Arata Ishimoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

任意の命題に対して、それが成り立つか、成り立たないかいずれか一方であって、その中間はないことを述べた論理学の法則。記号を用いると、A<~A(AあるいはAでない)がいかなる命題Aに対しても成り立つという主張であると考えてよい。あるいは、いかなる命題も真か偽のいずれかであるというように定式化することもできよう。矛盾律と同様、排中律は古代においてすでに知られていた論理学の法則であるが、近代論理学の発達に伴って、それがかならずしも妥当するものではないという考えがしだいに有力となってきた。実際、数学や論理学を構成的に展開しようという直観主義、あるいは命題の真理値は真と偽に限られるものではないという多値論理の立場にたつと、排中律は一般に成り立つ論理学の法則ではない。

[石本 新]

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