A city in central England. A unitary authority. It was separated from Nottinghamshire in 1998 to become a unitary authority. It is located about 180 km north-northwest of London, on the River Trent. It was first inhabited by Anglo-Saxons in the 6th century, and occupied by the Danes in the 9th century, becoming one of the major towns in the Danelaw region, where Danish law governed. After the Norman Conquest in 1066, a new settlement was founded, and around 1300, the two settlements merged to form a single town. Its first royal charter was granted by Henry II in 1155, granting it a monopoly on the dyeing industry in the surrounding area. It is the central city of the coalfields in the eastern Midlands, and is an important transport hub as well as an important industrial city. Since the Middle Ages, it has been the centre of the hosiery and lace industries, with associated dyeing, bleaching and clothing industries as well as steel, leather, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, brewing, bicycles, printing, car parts and electrical machinery. There are many old buildings, including Nottingham Castle, built during the Norman period, which has been destroyed and rebuilt several times and is now used as a museum. There are also many academic and cultural facilities, including the University of Nottingham (1948) and theatres. The legendary home of Robin Hood. Area: 75 km2 . Population: 278,700 (2005 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イギリス,イングランド中部の都市。単一自治体(ユニタリー unitary authority)。1998年にノッティンガムシャー県から分離して単一自治体となった。ロンドンの北北西約 180kmにあり,トレント川に臨む。6世紀にアングロ・サクソン人が居住したのに始まる町で,9世紀にはデーン人に占領され,デーン人の法律が支配するデーンロー地域における主要な町の一つとなった。1066年のノルマン・コンクェスト後,新しい集落が建設され,1300年頃それら二つの集落が合併して一つの町となった。最初の勅許状は 1155年ヘンリー2世によって与えられ,周辺地域での染色業の独占が認められた。ミッドランド地方東部の炭田地帯の中心都市で,交通の要地となっているほか,工業都市としても重要。中世以来のメリヤス工業,レース工業の中心地で,これらに関連して染色,漂白,衣料などの工業が立地するほか,鉄鋼,皮革,たばこ,医薬品,醸造,自転車,印刷,自動車部品,電機などの工業がある。古い建物が多く,ノルマン朝期に創建されたノッティンガム城はその後数回にわたり破壊,再建され,博物館として利用されている。ノッティンガム大学(1948),劇場など学術・文化施設も多い。ロビン・フッドの伝説の地。面積 75km2。人口 27万8700(2005推計)。
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