The tax burden of the people is confirmed in principle, and is set out as a basic obligation in the Constitution of Japan (Article 30). The obligation to pay taxes is one of the classical obligations along with military service, as seen in the Meiji Constitution (Article 21), and regardless of whether it is stipulated or not, it is understood that the people naturally have it as a share of the cost of maintaining the country. The original MacArthur draft did not have such a provision, and the fact that it was inserted during the parliamentary deliberations with the idea of maintaining a balance between the rights and obligations in the Declaration of Human Rights proves this. Therefore, some people consider the emphasis of this provision to be on the fact that the obligation to pay taxes is also a kind of restriction on property rights, and is imposed fairly "as provided for by law" (taxation by law principle = Article 84). The obligation to pay taxes is separate from the concrete and actual obligation to pay tax debts (tax obligation) stipulated in the National Tax General Law (Article 15). [Takao Sasaki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
国民の租税負担を理念的に確認し、日本国憲法(30条)が基本義務として掲げたもの。納税の義務は、明治憲法(21条)にもみられるように、兵役と並ぶ古典的義務の一つであり、規定の有無にかかわらず、国を維持する費用の分担として、国民は当然有するものと解される。当初のマッカーサー草案にこのような規定はなく、議会における審議時に、人権宣言中の権利・義務のバランス保持という考えから挿入された経緯は、このことを証している。そのため、この規定の重点は、納税の義務が財産権に対する一種の制限でもあり、公平に「法律の定めるところにより」課されるとする点(租税法律主義=84条)にあるととらえる人もいる。なお、納税の義務は、国税通則法(15条)が定める具体的、現実的な租税債務の納付義務(納税義務)とは別である。 [佐々木髙雄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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