Newman, Paul

Japanese: ニューマン（英語表記）Newman, Paul

Born January 26, 1925 in Cleveland, Ohio
Died: September 26, 2008. Westport, Connecticut. An American film actor who was a charismatic handsome man who played an active role throughout the second half of the 20th century. He served in the Navy as a signalman during World War II, and after being discharged, he studied at Kenyon College in Ohio. He then studied drama at Yale University for a year at graduate school, but studied more at the Actors Studio in New York. His Broadway debut in Picnic (1953) was well-received, and he signed an exclusive contract with Warner Brothers. His role in Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956), a biopic about world boxing champion Rocky Graziano, established him as an actor, and he was first nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958). He played a professional billiards player in Hustler (1961), perhaps his best role of his life. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), which he worked on with director Robert Redford and George Roy Hill, and The Sting (1973, Best Picture) were huge hits. After six nominations and an honorary award, he finally won an Academy Award for Best Actor for Martin Scorsese's The Color of Money (1986). He also worked as a director, often casting his second wife, actress Joanne Woodward, in leading roles. His first film, Rachel, Rachel (1968), was nominated for Best Picture at the Academy Awards. In 1982, he founded a food company, donating its profits to various charities.

Newman
Newman, William H.

Born October 19, 1909 in Philadelphia
[Died] 2002
American management scholar. Graduated from Friend University in 1930 and earned his doctorate at the University of Chicago in 1934. He then worked for a company, but then went independent and served as a management consultant from 1936 to 1938, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania in 1939, and a professor at Columbia University's Graduate School of Business in 1949. During this time he served as an executive officer at several companies, and during World War II he managed the munitions industry for the Department of the War. He was a member of the American Management Association, the Society for Advancement of Management, and the Academy of Management, and also played a leading role in the American Academy of Management. His theory is known as the "managerial span of control theory." In other words, the higher the managerial rank, the more time it takes to plan, and therefore the smaller the span of control. His major works include Business Policies and Management (1940), Administrative Action (1951), Management of Expanding Enterprises (1955), and The Process of Management (1961, co-authored with C.E. Summer Jr.).

Newman
Newman, John Henry

Born: February 21, 1801, London
Died August 11, 1890. A leader of the Oxford Movement of the Church of England in Birmingham. He studied at Trinity College, Oxford. After working as a teacher at his alma mater, he became a High Churchman under the influence of J. Keble and others, and served as minister of St. Mary's Church from 1828 to 1843. When the Oxford Movement began in 1833, he edited the church's journal, wrote 24 tracts himself, and played a leading role in the movement, but gradually became isolated. He later converted to the Roman Catholic Church, believing that it was the only genuine church, and became a cardinal in 1879. He was also a poet, and wrote a collection of religious poems. His works include Apologia pro vita sua (64) and An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent (70).

Newman
Newman, Barnett

Born January 29, 1905 in New York, New York
[Died] July 3, 1970. New York, New York. American abstract expressionist painter. Real name: Baruch Newman. A representative artist of color field painting. Studied at the Art Students League, the City University of New York, and Cornell University. Taught at the University of Saskatchewan and the University of Pennsylvania. First solo exhibition in New York in 1950. In 1948, he founded an art school called "Artist's Subject" with Mark Rothko and Robert Motherwell. His works are characterized by huge canvases painted over with a small number of colors with no distinction between the background and the figure. Major works include the "Stations of the Cross" series. (→ Contemporary Art)

Newman
Newman

One of the iron ore mining towns in the Pilbara region in the northwest of Western Australia, Australia. It is 456 km south of Port Hedland and 1,177 km northeast of Perth. There is a dedicated iron ore railway (426 km) between Port Hedland and the town. It was built in 1969 in conjunction with iron ore development. Iron ore is mainly exported to Japan via Port Hedland. Population 4,899 (1986).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1925.1.26. オハイオ，クリーブランド
[没]2008.9.26. コネティカット，ウェストポート
アメリカ合衆国の映画俳優。カリスマ性のある二枚目俳優として，20世紀後半を通じて第一線で活躍した。第2次世界大戦に海軍の通信兵として従軍，除隊後オハイオ州のケニヨン大学で学ぶ。その後，エール大学の大学院で 1年間演劇を勉強したが，ニューヨークのアクターズ・スタジオでより多くのことを学んだ。ブロードウェーの初舞台『ピクニック』Picnic（1953）が評価され，ワーナー・ブラザーズと専属契約を交わす。ボクシングの世界チャンピオン，ロッキー・グラジアノの伝記映画『傷だらけの栄光』Somebody Up There Likes Me（1956）で称賛を浴び，俳優としての地位を確立。『熱いトタン屋根の猫』Cat on a Hot Tin Roof（1958）で初めてアカデミー賞主演男優賞候補となった。『ハスラー』Hustler（1961）では，おそらく生涯最高の役である賭けビリヤードのプロを好演。ロバート・レッドフォード，ジョージ・ロイ・ヒル監督と組んだ『明日に向って撃て！』Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid（1969），『スティング』The Sting（1973，アカデミー賞作品賞）は大ヒットした。計 6回のノミネートと名誉賞の受賞を経たのち，マーティン・スコセッシ監督の『ハスラー 2』The Color of Money（1986）でついにアカデミー賞主演男優賞を獲得した。監督としても活躍し，2人目の妻で女優のジョアン・ウッドワードをたびたび主役に起用。監督第一作の『レーチェルレーチェル』Rachel, Rachel（1968）は，アカデミー賞作品賞候補となった。1982年に食品会社を設立，利益をさまざまな慈善活動に寄付した。

ニューマン
Newman， William H.

[生]1909.10.19. フィラデルフィア
[没]2002
アメリカの経営学者。 1930年フレンド大学卒業，1934年シカゴ大学で博士号を取得。その後企業に勤務したが，独立して 1936～38年経営コンサルタント，1939年ペンシルバニア大学教授，1949年コロンビア大学経営学研究科教授。この間いくつかの会社の役員を務めたほか，第2次世界大戦中は陸軍省で軍需産業の管理にあたった。 American Management Association，Society for Advancement of Management，Academy of Managementなどの会員で，アメリカ経営学会においても指導的役割を果した。彼の学説は「管理者管理範囲説」として知られる。すなわち管理職位の層が上級になればなるほど計画に要する時間がふえるので，管理の範囲は小さくなるというもの。主著『経営方針』 Business Policies and Management (1940) ，『経営管理』 Administrative Action (1951) ，『発展する企業の経営管理』 Management of Expanding Enterprises (1955) ，『経営学の過程』 The Process of Management (1961，C. E.サマー Jr.と共著) 。

ニューマン
Newman， John Henry

[生]1801.2.21. ロンドン
[没]1890.8.11. バーミンガム
イギリス国教会のオックスフォード運動指導者。オックスフォードのトリニティ学寮に学んだ。母校の教職を経て，1828～43年聖マリア教会牧師，J.キーブルらの影響で高教会派となった。 33年オックスフォード運動が始ると機関紙を編集，みずから 24のトラクトを執筆，運動に指導的役割を果したが次第に孤立，のちローマ・カトリック教会のみを真正として同教会に改宗，79年枢機卿となった。詩人でもあり，宗教詩集がある。著書『アポロギア』 Apologia pro vita sua (64) ，『グラマー・オブ・アセント』 An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent (70) 。

ニューマン
Newman, Barnett

[生]1905.1.29. ニューヨーク，ニューヨーク
[没]1970.7.3. ニューヨーク，ニューヨーク
アメリカ合衆国の抽象表現主義の画家。本名 Baruch Newman。カラー＝フィールド・ペインティングの代表的作家。アート・スチューデンツ・リーグとニューヨーク市立大学，コーネル大学に学ぶ。サスカチュワン大学，ペンシルバニア大学で教えた。1950年ニューヨークで最初の個展。1948年にマーク・ロスコ，ロバート・マザーウェルとともに「芸術家の主題」と呼ばれる美術学校を設立。巨大な画面を少ない色数で地と図の区別なく塗り込めた画面が特徴。主要作品『十字架の道行き』シリーズ。（→現代美術）

ニューマン
Newman

オーストラリア，ウェスタンオーストラリア州北西部，ピルバラ地方の鉄鉱石鉱山町の一つ。ポートヘドランドの南 456km，パースの北東 1177kmにあり，ポートヘドランドとの間に鉄鉱石専用鉄道 (426km) がある。鉄鉱石開発に伴い 1969年に建設された。ポートヘドランドを通じておもに日本へ鉄鉱石を輸出する。人口 4899 (1986) 。

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