New Town - New Town (English spelling)

Japanese: ニュータウン - にゅーたうん(英語表記)new town
New Town - New Town (English spelling)

In a broad sense, it means a newly constructed city based on a plan, and in Japan, it is named after new cities built on the outskirts of large cities, such as Tama around Tokyo, Kohoku in Yokohama, Kozoji around Nagoya, and Senri and Senboku around Osaka. However, originally, it was a British regional plan, and referred to new cities planned and constructed under the New Town Act after World War II. In the Greater London Plan, eight cities were created, including Stevenage in 1946, Crawley, Harrow, Hemel Hempstead, Hatfield, Welwyn Garden City (Welwyn), Bracknell, and Basilton. Many more new cities were created after that, and some of them were built by adding new city areas to existing small cities. Japanese new towns are built on the outskirts of cities, so they are similar in form to British new towns, but they differ from British ones because they provide fewer employment opportunities. More than 30 years have passed since Japan's new towns were built, and problems such as an aging population, the need to rebuild apartment buildings, deterioration of facilities, and the consolidation and closure of schools are arising.

[Seiji Yamaga and Mineaki Kanno]

"Structure and Transformation of Local Communities - A Comprehensive Study of the Tama Region," edited by Chuo University Institute of Social Sciences (1995, Chuo University Press)""New Towns Today - Dreams and Reality 40 Years Later," by Fukuhara Masahiro (1998, Tokyo Shimbun Press)""Planning for United Cities - New Town Development and Wide-Area Cooperation," by Takahashi Kenichi (1998, Kajima Institute Publishing)""Reviving New Towns - Seeking Regeneration through Exchange," by Fukuhara Masahiro (2001, Kokon Shoin)

[References] | Welwyn Garden City | Kozoji | Senri Hills | Tama New Town | Urban Planning

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

広義には計画的に新しく建設された都市を意味し、日本では東京周辺の多摩、横浜の港北、名古屋周辺の高蔵寺、大阪周辺の千里・泉北のように、大都市郊外に造成された新しい都市に名づけられている。しかし元来は、イギリスの地方計画で、第二次世界大戦後、新都市法New Town Actによって計画、建設された新都市をさす。ロンドン大都市計画では、1946年のスティブネージをはじめ、クローレイ、ハーロー、ヘメル・ヘムステッド、ハットフィールド、ウェリン・ガーデン・シティ(ウェルウイン)、ブラックネル、バジルトンの8都市がつくられた。その後さらに多くの新都市が生まれ、そのなかには既存の小都市を核とし、これに新しい市域を付加して建設した新都市もある。日本のニュータウンは都市周辺に建設されているので、形態的にはイギリスのニュータウンに類似するが、雇用の場が少ないので、イギリスのそれとは異なる。日本のニュータウンが建設されてから30年以上も経過し、住民の高齢化、集合住宅の建替え、諸施設の老朽化、学校の統廃合の問題などが生じている。

[山鹿誠次・菅野峰明]

『中央大学社会科学研究所編『地域社会の構造と変容――多摩地域の総合研究』(1995・中央大学出版部)』『福原正弘著『ニュータウンは今――40年目の夢と現実』(1998・東京新聞出版部)』『高橋賢一著『連合都市の計画学――ニュータウン開発と広域連携』(1998・鹿島出版会)』『福原正弘著『甦れニュータウン――交流による再生を求めて』(2001・古今書院)』

[参照項目] | ウェリン・ガーデン・シティ | 高蔵寺 | 千里丘陵 | 多摩ニュータウン | 都市計画

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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