This refers to a diarrhea disease that affects infants, and was once classified as dyspepsia. However, unlike diarrhea at other times, it does not only cause gastrointestinal symptoms but can also progress to dehydration and lead to severe diarrhea (also known as dyspeptic toxemia), so caution is required. The most common cause is intestinal infection, which is caused by a variety of bacteria and viruses and is also called infectious diarrhea. Previously, there was a type of winter diarrhea called white stool diarrhea (white diarrhea) or pseudocholera infantum, but in 1973, a pathogenic virus was isolated, and after it was confirmed, it came to be called rotavirus. Other causes include extraintestinal infection, allergies, and improper breastfeeding or weaning food administration. Symptoms can be classified as mild, moderate or severe depending on the level of diarrhea and dehydration, but it is important to orally replenish fluids while symptoms are still mild to prevent dehydration. Treatment involves prompt oral rehydration of fluids and electrolytes or appropriate infusion of fluids depending on the severity of the symptoms. [Yamaguchi Noriko] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
乳児の罹患(りかん)する下痢疾患をいい、かつては消化不良症に含まれていたが、他の時期の下痢症と異なり、胃腸症状にとどまらず脱水症状が進展し、重症の下痢症(消化不良性中毒症ともいう)に至ることがあるので注意を要する。 原因としては、腸管内感染がもっとも多くみられ、多数の細菌やウイルスによっておこり、感染性下痢症ともよばれる。以前、冬期下痢症として白色便性下痢症(白痢)または仮性小児コレラといわれた下痢症があったが、これは1973年に病原ウイルスが分離され、その後、確認されるとともにロタウイルスrotavirusとよばれるようになった。このほか、腸管外感染、アレルギー、不適当な授乳あるいは離乳食投与なども原因となる。 症状は、下痢および脱水症の程度によって軽症、中等症、重症に分けられるが、軽症のうちに、経口的に水分を補給し脱水症に至らないようにすることが重要である。 治療としては、症状の程度に応じて速やかに水分および電解質を経口的に補液するか、輸液を適切に行う必要がある。 [山口規容子] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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