Ikhshidids - Ikhshidids

Japanese: イフシード朝 - いふしーどちょう(英語表記)Ikhshīdids
Ikhshidids - Ikhshidids

An Egyptian dynasty established in 935 by Muhammad ibn Tughj, who gained practical independence from the Abbasid Caliphate. In 939, Muhammad was given the title of Ikhshid by the Abbasid Caliphate, from which the dynasty's name is derived. Muhammad was the grandson of a Turkish Mamluk from Central Asia, and his father was also a soldier who served the Abbasid Caliphate. Muhammad was appointed governor of Egypt by the Abbasid Caliphate in 933, but two years later the country gained practical independence, and later Syria and the Hijaz region were added to its territory. After his death (946), his sons Anjur and Ali succeeded him, but the actual power was held by the Abyssinian eunuch Kafur. Kafur protected the Ikhsid dynasty from the forces of the Fatimids in North Africa, the Jazira (the steppe region surrounded by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers), the Qarmatians in northern Syria, and the Hamdanids, and built a period of prosperity for the dynasty. The issuance of extremely high-quality gold coins is a good indication of this prosperity. The arts and sciences were also encouraged during this period, and the famous poet Mutanabbi was also patronized by Kafur. After Kafur's death (968), Ali's son Ahmad succeeded him, but the following year, the Fatimid expeditionary force led by Jauhar invaded and the dynasty was destroyed.

[Takeshi Yukawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

935年にムハンマド・ブン・トゥグジュがアッバース朝から実質的に独立して建てたエジプトの王朝。939年にムハンマドはアッバース朝からイフシードという称号を与えられた。王朝名はそれにちなんでいる。このムハンマドは中央アジア出身のトルコ人マムルークの孫で、父もアッバース朝に仕える軍人であった。ムハンマドは933年にアッバース朝によりエジプト知事に任命されたが、2年後には実質的に独立し、のちにはシリアやヒジャーズ地方をも版図に加えた。彼の没(946)後は、息子のアヌージュールとアリーが後を継いだが、実際の権力はアビシニア人宦官(かんがん)のカーフールが握った。カーフールは、北アフリカのファーティマ朝やジャジーラ(ティグリス、ユーフラテス川に囲まれたステップ地帯)、シリア北部のカルマト派やハムダーン朝の勢力からイフシード朝の領域を守り、同朝の繁栄期を築いた。きわめて高品位の金貨の発行がこの繁栄をよく示している。またこの時代には学芸が奨励され、有名な詩人ムタナッビーもカーフールをパトロンとしていた。カーフールの死(968)後アリーの子アフマッドが後を継いだが、その翌年にはジャウハルの率いるファーティマ朝遠征軍が侵入し、滅亡した。

[湯川 武]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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