Freikorps

…However, at the same time, contrary to the wishes of the Social Democratic Party leadership, the Congress adopted a resolution calling for the democratization of the military and the socialization of the coal industry, making it clear that the workers and soldiers were calling for a fundamental reform of the social foundations of the old regime. In response, after the military failed to suppress the People's Marines incident in Berlin on Christmas Day, it strongly promoted the formation of a volunteer army (Freikorps) made up mainly of counter-revolutionary veterans, with the support of the Social Democratic government (the Independent Social Democratic Party resigned due to dissatisfaction with the party's attitude in this incident). In January of the following year, 1919, revolutionaries in Berlin rose up to overthrow the Ebert government after the dismissal of the police chief from the Social Democratic Party. The government mobilized Social Democratic Party workers and deployed volunteers to suppress the uprising (the January Uprising). …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Freikorps" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…しかし大会は同時に，社会民主党指導部の意向に反して，軍隊の民主化と石炭業等の社会化Sozialisierungを求める決議を採択し，労働者･兵士大衆が旧体制の社会的基盤の根本的改革を求めていることを明らかにした。これに対して軍部は，クリスマスにベルリンでおきた人民海兵団事件の武力制圧に失敗すると，社会民主党政府(この事件での同党の態度を不満として独立社会民主党は下野)の支持のもとに，反革命派の復員軍人を主体とした義勇軍(フライコールFreikorps)の結成を強力に推し進めた。　翌19年1月，ベルリンの革命派が，同派系の警視総監の罷免を契機にエーベルト政府打倒に立ち上がると，政府は，社会民主党系の労働者を動員する一方，義勇軍を投入してこれを鎮圧した(〈一月蜂起〉)。…

※「Freikorps」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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