Southward Advancement Theory

Japanese: 南進論 - なんしんろん

A debate on foreign policy in modern Japanese history before World War II. It argued that Japan should advance economically, politically, and militarily to the south, including Southeast Asia, and was opposed to the Northern Advance Theory, which advocated development in the direction of Korea and Manchuria. The seeds of the Southern Advance Theory were already seen as early as the 1890s, but the Southern Advance Theory during the Meiji and Taisho periods focused on the economic aspect of advancement, and it can be said that it received less attention than the Northern Advance Theory, which focused on the military aspect. On August 7, 1936, a meeting of the Prime Minister and the Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Army, Navy, and Finance decided on a southern advance as a national policy standard, and the Southern Advance Theory became Japan's foreign policy. Furthermore, in 1940, when Germany achieved an overwhelming victory on the European front, calls for a southern advance by force intensified in search of oil, aluminum, rubber, and other goods. As a result, a policy of military southern advance was enforced, including the occupation of northern and southern French Indochina, and the Southern Advance Theory played an important role in triggering the start of the Pacific War.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

第2次世界大戦前の日本近代史における外交政策についての議論。日本が東南アジアなど南方に経済的，政治的，武力的進出を行うべきだという論で，朝鮮，満州方面に発展しようとする北進論と対立した。南進論の萌芽はすでに 1890年代からみられたが，明治・大正期の南進論は経済進出の側面に重点がおかれ，関心は軍事的側面に重点がおかれていた北進論よりは少なかったといえる。 1936年8月7日の内閣総理大臣および外務，陸軍，海軍，大蔵の5相会議で国策基準として南方進出が決定され，南進論は日本の外交方針となった。さらに 40年にいたりヨーロッパ戦線でドイツが圧倒的勝利を収めると，石油，アルミニウム，ゴムなどを求めて，武力行使による南進の主張が強まった。その結果，北部仏印進駐，南部仏印進駐など武力南進政策が強行され，南進論は太平洋戦争開始の重要な引き金の役割を果すことになった。

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