Nankai Trade - Nankaiboueki (English name) Nan-hai mao-yi

Japanese: 南海貿易 - なんかいぼうえき（英語表記）Nan-hai mao-yi

Trade between China and the southern countries (Indochina, Malaya, Indonesia, the Philippines, and the coastal areas of the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf). It includes tributes and gifts. The origins of South Sea trade date back to 214 BCE, when the First Emperor of Qin conquered the areas of Lingnan in an attempt to seize the profits of South Sea trade. It began in earnest during the Han dynasty, and during the Tang dynasty, Muslim Arabian and Persian merchants advanced into the South Seas, which inspired Chinese merchants to advance into the South Seas. It reached its peak during the Song and Yuan dynasties, and reached the east coast of Africa during Zheng He's Western Expedition during the Ming dynasty, but declined due to the maritime ban policy and the advance of European countries.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国と南方諸国 (インドシナ，マレー，インドネシア，フィリピンの諸地域およびインド洋，ペルシア湾などの沿岸地域) との間に行われた貿易。朝貢，優賜をも含む。南海貿易の起源は古く，前 214年秦の始皇帝が南海貿易の利を手中に収めようと嶺南の地を経略したことに始る。漢代になって本格的に始り，唐代にはイスラム教徒であるアラビア・ペルシア商人が進出し，中国商人もそれに刺激されて南海に進出するようになった。宋・元代には最盛期を迎え，明代の鄭和の西征ではアフリカ東岸にも達したが，海禁政策やヨーロッパ諸国の進出により衰えた。

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