While the development of the organ is fairly clear, there are many unclear points about early organ music. The oldest surviving keyboard music score is the Robertsbridge Manuscript from around 1325, which contains arrangements of medieval dances and motets. P. Hofheimer and A. Schlick, who appeared in the early 16th century, made a major contribution to the development of early organ music. Furthermore, Cavazzoni, Merulo, Gabrieli, Cabezon and others created forms such as the toccata, organ chorale, ricercare and canzona. The golden age of organ music was the Baroque period, which passed through Sweelinck and Frescobaldi and reached its apex in many organ works such as Bach's chorale preludes, toccatas, and preludes and fugues. After Bach, organ music showed signs of decline, but in the 19th century, Liszt opened up new avenues for organ music, based on the orchestral color of the organ. In modern times, the compositional activities of Dupré and Messiaen can be mentioned. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
オルガンの発展過程がかなり明確にとらえられるのに対し,初期のオルガン音楽については不明瞭な点が多い。現存する最古の鍵盤音楽の楽譜は,1325年頃の『ロバーツブリッジ写本』であり,中世の舞曲とモテトの編曲を含んでいる。 16世紀初めに現れた P.ホーフハイマーと A.シュリックは,初期オルガン音楽の発展上大きな貢献をした。さらにカバッツォーニ,メールロ,ガブリエリ,カベソンらにより,トッカータ,オルガン・コラール,リチェルカーレ,カンツォーナなどの形式がつくられた。オルガン音楽の黄金時代はバロック時代であり,スウェーリンクやフレスコバルディらを経て,バッハのコラール・プレリュード,トッカータ,プレリュードとフーガなど,多数のオルガン作品においてその頂点に達した。バッハ以後オルガン音楽は衰退の兆しをみせたが,19世紀にはオルガンの管弦楽的色彩感を基礎に,リストがオルガン音楽の新しい道を開いた。現代ではデュプレやメシアンらの作曲活動があげられる。
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