Civil war - insurgency; civil war

Japanese: 内乱 - ないらん(英語表記)insurgency; civil war
Civil war - insurgency; civil war
Also called a civil war. A struggle for power by armed force between multiple factions within a country. In reality, it is the same as a "war," but it is not recognized as a war in terms of the concept of sovereignty. However, if a civil war becomes large-scale and reaches a state equivalent to a war between nations, and if the rebels occupy and control a certain area, and if the legitimate government or a foreign country recognizes the rebels as a belligerent, the civil war is treated as a war under international law, and international law of war applies. The four Geneva Conventions, established in 1949, have a common clause that requires that, even in the case of a civil war, (1) those who do not directly take part in hostilities shall be treated humanely without any adverse discrimination on the grounds of race, religion, creed, sex, family origin, poverty, etc., and (2) the parties to the conflict shall take care of the wounded and sick. The UN Charter prohibits the UN from intervening in domestic affairs, but if the civil war is recognized as a threat to international peace, it may take compulsory measures (Article 2, paragraph 7, Article 39).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
内戦ともいう。一国内における複数の党派間の武力による権力獲得のための闘争。実質的には「戦争」とかわりはないが,主権概念との関係で戦争とは認定されない。しかし内乱が大規模となり,国家間の戦争に相当するような状態になり,反徒が一定の地域を占拠,支配するにいたった場合に,正統政府あるいは外国がその反徒を交戦団体として承認すれば,その内乱は国際法上の戦争に準じて扱われ,戦時国際法が適用される。 1949年に成立したジュネーブ4条約は共通条項を設け,内乱の場合にも,(1) 敵対行動に直接参加しない者は,人種,宗教,信条,性別,門地,貧困などによる不利な差別をしないで人道的に取扱うこと,(2) 傷病者を収容し看護することを紛争当事者に義務づけている。なお,国連憲章は国連が国内事項に介入することを禁じているが,その内乱が国際の平和に脅威を与えると認定された場合には,強制措置を発動することができる (2条7項,39条) 。

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