Trondheim - Trondheim (English spelling)

Japanese: トロンヘイム - とろんへいむ（英語表記）Trondheim

It is the capital of Sør-Trøndelag county on the west coast of Norway. It is located on the southern shore of the Trondheimsfjord. It is the third largest city in the country after Oslo and Bergen, with a population of 151,973 (2002). Until around 1300, it was called Nidaros and was the country's capital. It is the center of the agricultural region in central Norway, and is also a shipping port for copper and iron ore, pulp, timber, and fish produced in the hinterland.

[Kiyofumi Takeuchi]

history

It is said to have been built by King Olaf I around 997, but the Great Assembly of the Trendelak region, Eyläsing, was held there before that. It was the political, commercial and religious center of the Viking era, and developed as a holy place for King Olaf II. After the establishment of an archbishopric (1152), it became the home of kings during the civil wars of the 12th and 13th centuries. Construction of Nidaros Cathedral, the first cathedral in Scandinavia, began in the 12th century, and medieval Norwegian church culture reached its peak around 1300. It was also a base for Icelandic trade, but was overwhelmed by Hanseatic merchants from Bergen, and with the departure of Archbishop Engelbrektsson during the Reformation, it lost its significance as a church center (1537). It was occupied by Sweden during the Seven Years' War (1563-70) (1564), but developed at the end of the 16th century through exports of timber and ore. Sweden occupied the area again with the Treaty of Roskilde (1658), and most of the medieval wooden buildings were destroyed in a fire in 1681. The Norwegian Science Society (1760) and the headquarters of the Bank of Norway (1816) were established there, and the shipping and railway networks expanded from the 19th century onwards. During World War II, it became a battlefield between Germany and Britain.

[Akihisa Arakawa]

Nidaros Cathedral
A magnificent cathedral in the Norman Gothic style. Built in the 12th to 14th centuries. It is one of the symbols of the town and attracts many tourists. Trondheim, Norway ©Shogakukan ">

Nidaros Cathedral

Old Town Bridge
A medieval drawbridge over the Nidelva River. It is one of the tourist attractions. Old warehouses and other buildings stand in the surrounding area, leaving traces of the past. Trondheim, Norway ©Shogakukan ">

Old Town Bridge

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ノルウェー西海岸にあるセル・トレンデラークSør-Trøndelag県の県都。トロンヘイムフィヨルドの南岸に発達する。オスロ、ベルゲンに次ぐ同国第三の都市で、人口15万1973（2002）。1300年ごろまでニダロスNidarosとよばれ、同国の首都であった。中部ノルウェーの農業地帯の中心地であり、後背地に産する銅や鉄の鉱石、パルプ、木材、そして魚などの積出し港でもある。

［竹内清文］

歴史

997年ごろ、オーラフ1世による建設とされるが、それ以前にトレンデラーク地方の大民会エイラシングが開催されている。ビーキング（バイキング）時代の政治、商業、宗教の中心地で、オーラフ2世の聖地として発展した。大司教座設立（1152）後、12、13世紀の内乱に諸王の本拠地となる。12世紀北欧最初の大聖堂であるニダロス大聖堂の建立が始まり、1300年ごろに中世ノルウェー教会文化の最盛期を迎える。アイスランド貿易の基地でもあったが、ベルゲンのハンザ商人に圧倒され、宗教改革で大司教エンゲルブレクツソンが去って、その教会中心地としての意味も失った（1537）。北方七年戦争（1563～70）でスウェーデンに占領される（1564）が、16世紀末には木材、鉱石輸出で発展。ロスキレ条約（1658）でふたたびスウェーデンが占領し、1681年大火で中世木造建築の大半が焼失した。科学協会（1760）やノルウェー銀行本部（1816）などが設立され、19世紀以降に船舶、鉄道網が拡充する。第二次世界大戦ではドイツとイギリスの戦場となった。

［荒川明久］

ニダロス大聖堂

旧市街橋

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