It is one of the Turkic languages. It is spoken by approximately 2.7 million people (1989) in the Republic of Turkmenistan (northern Iran, capital Ashgabat), Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and other republics. There are also more than 500,000 Turkmen living in Iran and about 20,000 Turkmen in Afghanistan. It belongs to the Southern branch of the Turkic language family, and is close to Azerbaijani and other languages, with many dialects. Turkmen is famous for preserving the long vowels of the Proto-Turkish language and for corresponding closely to those of the Sakha (Yakut) language of Eastern Siberia. It was written in Arabic characters, but was Latinized in 1929, and a Cyrillic-based orthography was adopted in 1940. In 1993, the Latin alphabet was promulgated under the signature of Turkmenistan President Niyazov. However, Turkmen written in Russian and Cyrillic characters is also commonly used. [Kazuo Takeuchi] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
トルコ系諸言語の一つ。トルクメニスタン共和国(イランの北、首都アシガバート)を中心に、ウズベキスタン、タジキスタン、カザフスタンなどの各共和国で約270万人(1989)が話している。また、イランに50万人以上、アフガニスタンに2万人ほどのトルクメン人が住んでいる。トルコ語族のうち南方語派に属し、アゼルバイジャン語などに近く、方言が多い。トルクメン語はトルコ祖語の長母音を保存し、東シベリアのサハ(ヤクート)語のそれとよく対応することで有名である。アラビア文字で表記されていたが、1929年からラテン化され、40年からはキリル文字を基礎とした正書法が採用されている。93年トルクメニスタン大統領ニヤゾフ署名のラテン文字アルファベットが公布された。しかし、一般にはロシア語およびキリル文字表記のトルクメン語も使用されている。 [竹内和夫] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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