A monastic order of the Catholic Church. Its official name is the Reformed Cistercian Order or the Strict Cistercian Order. It is a contemplative order within the Catholic Church. It was founded in the 17th century in La Trappe, Normandy, France, and was commonly known as the Trappist Order after the place name. The Cistercian Order, which separated from the Benedictine Order at the end of the 11th century, lived a strict monastic life, but in the mid-14th century, the monastic rules were relaxed and the original spirit was lost. In the 17th century, Abbot de Lancay reformed it to a more ascetic and contemplative direction. The lifestyle of the Cistercians is to strictly observe silence and monastic restrictions, all monks work in agriculture and livestock farming, do not eat meat or fish, and live a communal life without solitary confinement. The monks live a life of contemplation and penance, unite with God through prayer and work, reach perfection, and dedicate themselves to the salvation of all mankind. They rise early in the morning, solemnly sing the Divine Office, and celebrate Holy Mass. During the day, they work, meditate on the Bible, and study theology, and often gather at church to recite the Divine Office together. The headquarters is in Rome, and the general superior directs the entire order, but the monastery is independent and has several branches under it. It was introduced to Japan in 1896 (Meiji 29), with the monastery for men in Hokuto City, Hokkaido, and monasteries for women in Hakodate City, Nasu Town in Tochigi Prefecture, Nishinomiya City in Hyogo Prefecture, and Karatsu City in Saga Prefecture. [Kadowaki Yoshiyoshi] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カトリック教会の修道会の一会派。改革シトー修道会または厳修シトー修道会が正式の名。カトリック教会内の観想修道会。17世紀にフランスのノルマンディーのラ・トラップLa Trappeに創立されたので、その地名からトラピスト会と通称された。11世紀終わりにベネディクト修道会から分かれたシトー修道会は、厳格な修道生活を営んできたが、14世紀中ごろには修道規則が緩み、もとの精神が失われてきた。17世紀ド・ランセ修道院長がこれをより禁欲的、観想的な方向に改革した。その生活様式は、厳重に沈黙や禁域制を守り、全修道士が農業や牧畜の労働に従事し、肉類、魚類を食べず、独房を排して共住生活を営む。修道士たちは観想と贖罪(しょくざい)の生活を送り、祈りと労働を通じて神と一致し、完徳に達し、全人類の救いのために身を捧(ささ)げる。早朝に起きて、荘厳に聖務日課を歌い、ミサ聖祭を捧げる。日中は労働と聖書の黙想、神学の研究に従事し、たびたび教会に集まって、いっしょに聖務日課を唱える。ローマに本部があり、総会長が修道会全体を指導するが、大修道院は独立しており、その下にいくつかの分院をもっている。日本には1896年(明治29)に伝えられ、男子は北海道北斗(ほくと)市に大修道院があり、女子は函館(はこだて)市、栃木県那須(なす)町、兵庫県西宮市、佐賀県唐津(からつ)市に修道院がある。 [門脇佳吉] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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