Keizo Doi

A medical scientist, he established modern dermatology in Japan and worked to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. He also made great contributions to medical history, such as researching the route of syphilis transmission. He was born in Fukui Prefecture and called himself Gakken. He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at the Imperial University of Tokyo in 1890 (Meiji 23). In 1893, he studied in Europe, where he introduced orthodox dermatology to Japan under Moritz Kaposi (1837-1902). In 1898, he became a professor at the Imperial University of Tokyo, where he perfected dermatology and venereal disease, making them independent medical departments, and was also instrumental in separating and making urology independent. He described new skin diseases, pioneered treatment methods, and published textbooks and illustrated guides based on Japanese cases. He founded the Japanese Dermatological Association and launched its journal, as well as the Japanese Society for the Prevention of Veneerous Diseases, and through the publication of an educational magazine, he worked hard to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, and also worked to prevent leprosy (Hansen's disease). He introduced the technique of moulage, faithfully reproducing the symptoms of skin diseases. He advocated the theory that syphilis originated in the New World, and rejected the theory that it originated in ancient times. He served as a member of the Central Hygiene Council and vice-chairman of the Cancer Research Society (now the Cancer Research Society), and was awarded the Japan Academy Prize. His major works include Dermatology, Illustrated Book of Japanese Skin Disease Mycotoxins, and World History of Mycotoxins.

[Yoji Nagatoya]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

医学者。日本の近代皮膚科学を確立し、性病予防に努めた。梅毒の伝播(でんぱ)経路の研究など医史学面での業績も大きい。福井県生まれ。顎軒(がっけん)と号す。1890年（明治23）帝国大学医科大学卒業。1893年ヨーロッパに留学し、カポシMoritz Kaposi（1837―1902）につき正統的な皮膚科学を日本に移入した。1898年東京帝国大学教授となり、皮膚科学と性病学を大成し、診療科として独立させ、さらに泌尿器科学を分離・独立することに意を用いた。新しい皮膚疾患の記載をなすとともに、治療法を開拓し、日本の症例をもとにした教科書や図譜の出版を行った。日本皮膚科学会を創始し、その会誌を創刊するとともに、日本花柳病予防会をおこして、啓蒙(けいもう)的な雑誌の発刊を通じて性病予防に尽力し、さらに、らい（ハンセン病）予防にも努力した。ムラージュ（ろう標本）の技法を導入、皮膚病像の忠実な再現を行った。梅毒の新大陸発生説を唱え、古代発生説を排した。中央衛生会委員、癌(がん)研究会（現、がん研究会）副会頭などを歴任し、学士院賞を受けた。主著に『皮膚科学』『日本皮膚病黴毒(ばいどく)図譜』『世界黴毒史』がある。

［長門谷洋治］

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