Italian conductor. Born in Parma on March 25th. Studied mainly cello at the Parma and Milan conservatories. In 1886, he was suddenly asked to conduct the opera "Aida" in Rio de Janeiro, but he was successful and switched to conducting. In the same year, he made his Italian debut in Turin with Catalani's opera "Edmea". Since then, he has worked as an opera conductor in various parts of Italy, and gained fame with the premieres of Leoncavallo's "Pierre" in 1892 and Puccini's "La Bohème" in 1896. From 1898 to 1908, he was music director of La Scala in Milan. From 1908 to 1915, he served as conductor at the Metropolitan Opera in New York, building the golden age of the opera house. During that time, in 2010, he premiered Puccini's "La Die West". In 2013, he began performing concerts and achieved success. He returned to La Scala from 1921 to 1929, and premiered Puccini's posthumous work Turandot in 1926. He was the principal conductor of the New York Philharmonic from 1929 to 1936. In 1937, the NBC Symphony Orchestra was organized in New York for Toscanini, and he became its principal conductor. He led the orchestra until his retirement in 1954, dominating not only the American music scene, but the world's music scene. He died in New York on January 16, 1957. Toscanini strictly followed the composer's instructions, clearly brought out the structure of the work, and built a performance style that made every phrase sing and reproduced every rhythm with vitality, bringing a breath of fresh air to the world of conducting in the 20th century. Along with Furtwängler, he is one of the greatest conductors of the first half of the 20th century. [Hiroyuki Iwai] "Toscanini: His Life and Art" by H. Taubman, translated by Akio Watanabe (1966, Tokyo Sogensha) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアの指揮者。3月25日パルマに生まれる。パルマとミラノの音楽院で主としてチェロを学ぶ。1886年リオ・デ・ジャネイロでオペラ『アイーダ』の指揮に急に起用されながらも成功を収め、指揮に転じ、同年トリノでカタラーニのオペラ『エドメア』でイタリア・デビューした。以来イタリア各地でオペラ指揮者として活動、92年レオンカバッロの『道化師』、96年プッチーニの『ボエーム』を初演、名声を高めた。1898~1908年ミラノ・スカラ座音楽監督。08~15年ニューヨークのメトロポリタン歌劇場指揮者を務め、同歌劇場の黄金時代を築く。その間の10年にはプッチーニの『西部の娘』を初演している。13年コンサートに進出し、成功を博す。21~29年スカラ座に復帰、26年プッチーニの遺作『トゥーランドット』を初演した。29~36年ニューヨーク・フィルハーモニー常任指揮者。37年トスカニーニのためにニューヨークにNBC交響楽団が組織されて常任指揮者となり、54年の引退まで同交響楽団を率いてアメリカ楽壇のみならず、世界の楽壇に君臨した。57年1月16日ニューヨークに没。 トスカニーニは作曲者の指示を厳格に守り、作品の構造を明確に浮かび上がらせつつ、あらゆるフレーズを歌わせ、あらゆるリズムを生命力たくましく再現する演奏スタイルを築き上げ、20世紀の指揮界に新風を送り込んだ。フルトベングラーとともに20世紀前半を代表する名指揮者。 [岩井宏之] 『H・タウブマン著、渡辺曉雄訳『トスカニーニ――生涯と芸術』(1966・東京創元社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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