Tokiwazu Mojitayu - Tokiwazu Mojitayu

Japanese: 常磐津文字太夫 - ときわずもじたゆう

The name of the head of the Tokiwazu school.

[Kiyohiro Hayashi and Yukinori Moriya]

First World

(1709?-1781) Founder of Tokiwazu-bushi. Born a townsman from Teramachi, Kyoto, he was commonly known as Suruga-ya Bun'emon. He was a pupil of Miyakoji Bungo-no-jo during his Kunitayuhanchu days, and his original name was Uzen. In 1734 (Kyoho 19), he went to Edo with his teacher, changed his name to Mojitayu and performed as a waki, and in 1736 (Genbun 1) became a tachi-narrator. After Bungo-bushi was banned in 1739, he continued to live in Edo, and in 1747 (Enkyo 4) established his own school. In 1775 (An'ei 4), he retired after a once-in-a-lifetime performance as a storyteller. His haiku name was Bunchu. The year after Tokiwazu gained independence, in 1748 (Kan'en 1), Komonji Tayu left the group and founded Tomimotobushi, and between 1769 (Meiwa 6) and 1782 (Tenmei 2), Shizuma Tayu established the Toyonaka school and Miki Tayu established the Fujioka school.

[Kiyohiro Hayashi and Yukinori Moriya]

II

(1756-99), commonly known as Tobei. A disciple of the founder. Originally named Kanedayū. The second succeeded the founder Kanedayū in 1787 (Tenmei 7). He retired in June 1799 (Kansei 11). In the same year that he retired, the second Kanedayū left Tokiwazu due to a dispute over the succession of the family head, and changed his name to Azuma Kunidayū and became independent. Going back to 1791, the first Tobaya Satocho switched to Tomimoto-bushi.

[Kiyohiro Hayashi and Yukinori Moriya]

III

(1792-1819) Son of the second. Commonly known as Rinnosuke. In 1819 (Bunsei 2), he succeeded to the third name, but died at the end of the same year at the age of 28.

[Kiyohiro Hayashi and Yukinori Moriya]

IV

(1804-62). His childhood name was Oguma. He was the second son of Ichikawa Omezo, the first head of the Ichikawa school, and the grandson of the first head of the Ichikawa school. In 1837 (Tenpo 8), he took on the name of the 4th head of the Ichikawa school. In 1850 (Kaei 3), he received the title of Bungo Daijo. A rift arose between him and the 4th head of the Kishizawa Koshikibu school, and the Kishizawa school separated and became independent. This separation and independence continued until a reconciliation was achieved in the Meiji era by the 7th head of the Komaji Dayu school (later the first Tokiwazu Rinchu). After Rinchu's death in 1906 (Meiji 39), conflict arose again, and Kishizawa split off into a new school, but it was dissolved in 1927 (Showa 2) when the Tokiwazu Association was established.

[Kiyohiro Hayashi and Yukinori Moriya]

5th

(1822-69) The fourth-generation adopted son, Hayashinosuke. He was called Kotodayu in Kiyomoto, but was adopted at his request, and changed his name from Wakatayu to Komonjidayu in 1837 (Tenpo 8). In 1862 (Bunkyu 2), he took on the name of the fifth-generation, but was divorced for some reason. He established a separate family and became the sixth-generation Kanetayu.

[Kiyohiro Hayashi and Yukinori Moriya]

VI

(1851-1930) His real name was Ushigoro Tsuneoka. His first name was Naniwa Tayu. In 1888 (Meiji 21), he was adopted by the widow of the 6th Komonji Tayu (Saroku Bunchu) and took the name Komonji Tayu. In 1902 (Meiji 35), he succeeded the 6th. In 1926, he retired and changed his name to Bungo Daijo II. He became a consultant for the Tokyo Music School (now Tokyo University of the Arts) and worked to transcribe Tokiwazu-bushi into musical notation.

[Kiyohiro Hayashi and Yukinori Moriya]

7th

(1897-1951) His real name was Konosuke Tsuneoka. He was adopted by the 6th generation and succeeded Komonji Tayu. When the 6th generation retired, he took on the name of the 7th generation.

[Kiyohiro Hayashi and Yukinori Moriya]

8th

(1918-91) His real name was Akira Tsuneoka. He was the biological son of the 7th generation. In 1951 (Showa 26), he succeeded the 8th generation.

[Kiyohiro Hayashi and Yukinori Moriya]

IX

(1947-) His real name was Kaoru Tsuneoka. He is the biological son of the 8th head of the school. In 1976 (Showa 51), he succeeded the 8th head of the school, and in 1991 (Heisei 3), he became head of the school upon the death of his father. In 1994, he inherited the 9th name. Note that the name Komonji Dayu does not include those who have been divorced within the current head family, so algebraic calculations may not match.

[Kiyohiro Hayashi and Yukinori Moriya]

[Reference] | Tokiwazu Bushi | Tokiwazu Hayashichu | Tomimoto Bushi | Bungo Bushi

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

常磐津節の家元名。

［林喜代弘・守谷幸則］

初世

（1709？―81）常磐津節の創始者。京都・寺町の町人の出で、俗称駿河屋(するがや)文右衛門。宮古路豊後掾(みやこじぶんごのじょう)が国太夫半中(くにたゆうはんちゅう)時代の門人で、初名は右膳(うぜん)。1734年（享保19）師と江戸に下り、文字太夫と改名してワキを勤め、36年（元文1）に立語りとなる。39年の豊後節の禁止後も江戸に在住し、47年（延享4）一流を樹立した。75年（安永4）一世一代の出語りを最後に隠棲(いんせい)。俳名文中。常磐津が独立した年の翌年、1748年（寛延1）に小文字太夫が脱退、富本節を創始するといった事件があり、69年（明和6）から82年（天明2）には志妻(しづま)太夫が豊名賀(とよなか)派を、造酒(みき)太夫が富士岡派を樹立している。

［林喜代弘・守谷幸則］

2世

（1756―99）通称藤兵衛。初世の門弟。初名兼(かね)太夫。初世兼太夫から1787年（天明7）2世を継ぐ。99年（寛政11）6月に引退。引退の年に2世兼太夫が家元相続の争いから常磐津を脱退、吾妻国(あづまくに)太夫と改名、独立した。また、さかのぼっては91年に初世鳥羽屋里長(とばやりちょう)が富本節へ転じている。

［林喜代弘・守谷幸則］

3世

（1792―1819）2世の子。通称林之助(りんのすけ)。1819年（文政2）3世を襲名したが、その年の暮れに28歳で死去。

［林喜代弘・守谷幸則］

4世

（1804―62）幼名男熊(おぐま)。初世の孫の初世市川男女蔵(おめぞう)の次男。1837年（天保8）4世を襲名。50年（嘉永3）豊後大掾(ぶんごだいじょう)を受領(ずりょう)。4世岸沢古式部との間に不和が生じ、岸沢派は分離独立した。この分離独立は明治に7世小文字太夫（後の初世常磐津林中(りんちゅう)）によって和解が成立するまで続く。さらに1906年（明治39）林中が死去するとふたたび対立、岸沢は新派と称して分裂したが、27年（昭和2）常磐津協会の設立により解消した。

［林喜代弘・守谷幸則］

5世

（1822―69）4世の養子林之助。清元で琴太夫と名のっていたが望まれて養子に入り、若太夫から1837年（天保8）小文字太夫となり、62年（文久2）に5世を襲名したが、ゆえあって離縁。別家して6世兼太夫となる。

［林喜代弘・守谷幸則］

6世

（1851―1930）本名常岡丑五郎(うしごろう)。初名は浪花(なにわ)太夫。1888年（明治21）6世小文字太夫（佐六文中）の未亡人の養子となり、小文字太夫を襲名。1902年（明治35）6世を継承。26年隠居して2世豊後大掾と改名した。東京音楽学校（現東京芸術大学）の嘱託となり常磐津節の五線譜化に努めた。

［林喜代弘・守谷幸則］