Bynkershoek, Cornelis van

Japanese: バインケルスフーク（英語表記）Bynkershoek， Cornelis van

Born: May 29, 1673, Middelburg
Died April 16, 1743. A Dutch jurist in The Hague. After graduating from Leiden University, he worked as a lawyer and a judge, and in 1721 became the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Holland, Zeeland and West Frisia. He developed the positivism that A. Gentilis and R. Zuch aspired to, and explained international law by stating that customs expressed in treaties and state practices are the most important source of international law. Together with GF Martens and J. Moser, he is considered to be a leading figure in the positive law school of international law in the 18th century. Although he did not write a systematic book on international law, he conducted extremely detailed research on specific issues, especially maritime sovereignty, the status of ambassadors, private rights in wartime, neutrality, contraband in wartime, and blockades. He also argued that the scope of territorial waters is "limited to the limits of weapons," and became a pioneer of the theory that territorial waters are three nautical miles long. His main works include De dominio maris dissertatio (1702) and Quaestionum juris publici, libri duo (37).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1673.5.29. ミッデルブルフ
[没]1743.4.16. ハーグ
オランダの法律家。ライデン大学卒業後，弁護士，裁判官として活躍，1721年ホラント・ゼーラント・西フリージア最高裁判所長官となった。 A.ゲンチリスや R.ズーチの志向した実証主義を発展させ，条約および国家慣行に現れた慣習を国際法の最も重要な法源として国際法を説き，G.F.マルテンス，J.モーザーとともに 18世紀における国際法の実定法学派の巨頭とみなされる。彼は国際法に関する体系的な書物は書かなかったが，具体的問題，特に海洋主権，大使の地位，戦時の私権，中立，戦時禁制品，封鎖などに関するきわめて精密な研究を行なった。また領海の範囲を「陸地の権力は兵器の尽きるところに尽きる」と説いて，領海3カイリ説の先駆となった。主著『海洋所有権論』 De dominio maris dissertatio (1702) ，『公法の諸問題，全2巻』 Quaestionum juris publici，libri duo (37) 。

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