A meter that displays the cumulative value of electricity over time (electric energy). It is also called an integrating watt-hour meter. In general, electricity charges are often determined by the amount of electricity consumed. Therefore, watt-hour meters that accurately measure this amount are extremely important meters for trading electricity. The amount of watt-hour is calculated by accumulating the total number of revolutions made by a rotating disk, which rotates at a speed proportional to the instantaneous power, during the period of use of the electricity. There are DC and AC watt-hour meters, the former including mercury motor type watt-hour meters and commutator motor type watt-hour meters, while the latter widely uses induction type watt-hour meters. Induction type meters are simple in structure, durable and suitable for mass production. They are therefore inexpensive and are widely used in industry as well as in ordinary households. Currently, they are also used for DC when combined with an appropriate AC/DC converter. [Toshiharu Takao] Inductive watt-hour meterA voltage coil and a current coil are wound around the voltage core and current core, which are made of high-quality electric steel sheet, respectively, and are arranged above and below an aluminum rotating disk. When the load terminal voltage is applied to the voltage coil and a load current is passed through the current coil, the moving magnetic field that they create together applies a torque proportional to the load's instantaneous power to the rotating disk, driving the disk in the direction of the moving magnetic field. Meanwhile, braking magnets are placed on either side of the disk, which applies a braking force to the rotating disk. This causes the disk to rotate at a speed proportional to the load's instantaneous power. The rotating shaft is connected to a metering device that accumulates the number of rotations via a gear mechanism, and the number displayed on this indicates the amount of power. The number of rotations of the disk when the metering device indicates 1 kilowatt-hour is called the meter constant, and for household use it is 1,000 to 2,000 rotations. Two single-phase circuit meter units are used for three-phase circuits, and the rotating shaft of the disks is shared and stored in a single box. [Toshiharu Takao] ©Shogakukan "> Structure of induction type watt-hour meter Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
電力を時間的に積算した値(電力量)を表示する計器。積算電力計ともいう。一般に電力料金は、消費された電力量によって決められる場合が多い。したがって、これを正確に測定する電力量計は電力量の取引上きわめて重要な計器となっている。 瞬時電力に比例する速度で回転する回転円板が、電力の使用期間中に回転した全回転数を積算して電力量を求める。直流用と交流用とがあり、前者には水銀電動機型電力量計、整流子電動機型電力量計などがあり、後者には誘導型電力量計が広く用いられている。誘導型の計器は構造が簡単なうえ、じょうぶで大量生産に適している。したがって価格も安く、一般家庭はもちろん、工業方面でも広く用いられている。現在は適当な交直変換器と組み合わせ、直流用にも用いられている。 [高尾利治] 誘導型電力量計良質の電気鉄板でつくられた電圧鉄心および電流鉄心に、それぞれ電圧コイルおよび電流コイルが巻かれており、アルミニウム製の回転円板を挟んで上下に配置されている。電圧コイルには負荷の端子電圧を加え、電流コイルには負荷電流を流すと、これらがいっしょになってつくる移動磁界によって、回転円板に負荷の瞬時電力に比例するトルクが働いて円板を移動磁界の方向に駆動する。一方、円板を挟んで制動磁石が配置されており、これによって回転円板に制動力が働く。このため、円板は負荷の瞬時電力に比例した速度で回転する。回転軸は歯車機構を介して回転数を積算する計量装置に接続され、ここに現れた数字で電力量を示す。計量装置が1キロワット時を示すときの円板の回転数を計器定数といい、家庭用のもので1000~2000回転である。なお、三相回路には単相回路用のものが2個用いられ、円板の回転軸は共通で一つの箱に収められる。 [高尾利治] ©Shogakukan"> 誘導型電力量計の構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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