Ichidenryoushusei - Ichidenryoushusei

Japanese: 一田両主制 - いちでんりょうしゅせい

A tenancy practice in old China that meant that one field was owned by two masters. Until the Chinese Revolution in the mid-20th century, it was widespread in central and southern China, where a tenancy system called the landlord-tenko system was well developed. In tenancy under the one-field-two-master system, the tenant farmer's (tenko, tennō) right to cultivate the field was established as a real right that could be bought, sold, and pawned independently, without any restrictions from the landowner's (tanshu, yōshu) land ownership. In this case, the landowner's land ownership and the tenant farmer's right to cultivate the field formed a pair and were called by various local names such as tasoji and tamen (in Jiangsu Province), tianbone and tianpi (in Jiangxi Province), daibiao and xiaomiao (in Fujian Province), and granary and pawning (in Guangdong Province), but tamen is the most representative term for the right to cultivate the field.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

1枚の田を2人の主人が所有することを意味する旧中国の小作慣行。20世紀半ばの中国革命まで，地主佃戸（でんこ）制と呼ばれる小作制度の発達した華中･華南に広く行われた。一田両主制下の小作田では，小作農(佃戸，佃農)の耕作権が，地主(田主，業主)の土地所有権からの規制をいっさい受けることなく，独立して売買･入質することの可能な物的権利として確立されていた。この場合，地主の土地所有権と小作農の耕作権は1対をなして，田底と田面(江蘇省)，田骨と田皮(江西省)，大苗（だいびよう）と小苗(福建省)，糧業と質業(広東省)などさまざまの地方的名称で呼ばれたが，なかでも田面は耕作権を表す代表的名辞となっている。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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