First filial generation

Japanese: 一代雑種 - いちだいざっしゅ(英語表記)first filial generation
First filial generation
A pure line is a genetic combination that has been fixed to a homogeneous state, such as F1 , within a certain biological lineage. When two different pure lineages, male and female, are crossed, the offspring ( F1 ) will be heterozygous for many traits, such as AA bb CC DD … × AA BB cc dd → AA Bb Cc Dd …, and a new combination of dominant traits (ABCD …) that has never been seen before will be obtained. Since many dominant traits are advantageous for the survival of the organism, the F1 often has a greater viability than the parents. This phenomenon is called hybrid vigor (heterosis), and the crossbreeding that makes the most of this effect is called F1 hybrids. It is often used in livestock and agricultural organisms, and the mule, which is produced by mating a mare with a male donkey, is well known. It was also used early on in silkworms, and all silkworms currently raised by farmers are F1 hybrids, and in recent years it has become increasingly popular in corn as well. Seedless watermelons do not utilize hybrid vigor, but are a type of F1 hybrid use. Among the first generation hybrids, there are not only combinations of original species, but also three-way and four-way hybrids made using cross-breeds, and these are expected to be used more in the future. It is troublesome to keep the parents of the original lineage (pure lineage), but various methodological improvements have been devised in this regard as well.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ある生物系統内で遺伝子の組合せが F1 のように同質に固定してしまったものを純系という。2つの異なる純系の雌雄を掛合せると,子世代 ( F1 ) は,AA bb CC DD … × AA BB cc dd → AA Bb Cc Dd … のように,非常に多くの形質についてヘテロとなり,優性形質についてこれまでになかった新しい組合せ (A B C D … ) が得られる。優性形質にはその生物の生存上で有利なものが多いので,F1 は両親よりも生活力がすぐれていることも多い。この現象を雑種強勢 (ヘテローシス) といい,この効果を最高に活用するための交雑が一代雑種である。家畜,農業用生物について利用例が多く,牝馬と牡ロバの交配によるらばが有名。蚕でも早くから採用され,現在農家で飼育されているのはすべて一代雑種であり,近年はトウモロコシでも急速に普及している。種無すいかは雑種強勢を活用したものではないが,一代雑種利用の一種である。一代雑種のなかには原種の組合せばかりでなく,交雑原種を用いた三元および四元雑種があり,今後はこれらが多く利用される趨勢にある。原系統 (純系) の両親を保存し続ける煩雑さがあるが,この点も方法上の改良がいろいろ工夫されている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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