Gérard Desargues

Japanese: デザルグ - でざるぐ(英語表記)Gérard Desargues
Gérard Desargues

French architect and mathematician. Born in Lyon. In 1639, he wrote "Draft Study on the Intersection of the Cone and the Plane". This book developed from the style of Renaissance painters who created perspective, and was written for engineers. In addition, it introduced many new concepts, and many of the terminology is unique. However, it also introduced concepts such as line bundles, surface bundles, points at infinity, and lines at infinity, and included a new definition of conic sections, as well as basic concepts of projective geometry such as the involution theorem and the relationship between poles and polar lines, and is said to be the book that marked the beginning of projective geometry. In addition, the theorem in projective geometry that is now called "Desargues' Theorem" was announced in 1648.

Desargues's ideas were developed further by his able successor, Pascal, and although his Drafts was published two years after Descartes' La Géométrie (1637), his thinking did not reach full fruition until the 19th century.

[Isamu Mogi]

[References] | Projective Geometry | Desargues' Theorem | Pascal

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの建築家、数学者。リヨンの生まれ。1639年『円錐(えんすい)と平面との交わりについての研究草案』を書いた。この書物は、透視法をつくったルネサンス時代の画家たちの流れから発展したもので、技術者たちに向けて書かれているうえに、新しい概念が数多く導入されているため、用語においても特異なものが多い。しかし、そのなかには、線束、面束、無限遠点、無限遠直線などの概念が導入され、円錐曲線についても新しい定義があり、対合(たいごう)定理や極と極線との関係のような射影幾何学の基本概念も含まれ、射影幾何学の始まりの書物であるといわれている。また、こんにち「デザルグの定理」とよばれる射影幾何学における定理は1648年に発表されたものである。

 デザルグの思想は、その優れた後継者パスカルによって発展させられ、『草案』はデカルトの『幾何学』La Géométrie(1637)が出て2年後に出版されたにもかかわらず、彼の思想の完全な結実をみたのは19世紀に至ってからであった。

[茂木 勇]

[参照項目] | 射影幾何学 | デザルグの定理 | パスカル

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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