Ancient Law - Kodaiho

Japanese: 古代法 - こだいほう

In Japan, the Ritsuryo Code was compiled and put into effect as a systematic legal code modeled on the Ritsuryo Code of the Sui and Tang dynasties of China from the end of the 7th century to the beginning of the 8th century. If the period during which this Ritsuryo Code was implemented can be called the "era of inherited law" in the sense that it was a period during which laws were adopted from Chinese Ritsuryo Code, then the period before that can be called the "era of native law." The development of law in ancient Japan can thus be broadly divided into two periods, with the Ritsuryo Code as the dividing line, but it should be recognized that this division is quite convenient.

Kodaihou [Ancient Law]

This is the major work published in 1861 by HJS Maine, who is considered the founder of the British historical school of law. Its official title is Ancient Law, its Connection with Early Social History, and its Relation to Modern Ideas. As the subtitle indicates, the book seeks to elucidate the early ideas of mankind and their development as reflected in ancient law, such as Roman law, Indian law, the Bible, and Germanic law, the structure of early society, the influence of these ideas on legal development, their relationship to modern law, and the factors behind legal development. It is well known that Maine's conclusion, which generalized past society and legal development with the slogan "From Status to Contract," is a well-known conclusion.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

日本では7世紀末から8世紀初めにかけて，中国の隋･唐の律令法を模範とする体系的な法典としての律令法典が編纂され，施行された。この律令法の施行期を，中国律令法を継受して成った法の施行時期という意味で〈継受法の時代〉ということができるとすれば，それ以前は〈固有法の時代〉ということができる。日本古代における法の発達は，このように律令法を境として2期に大別することができるが，しかしこの区分はかなり便宜的なものであることをも，承知しておく必要があろう。

こだいほう【古代法 Ancient Law】

イギリスの歴史法学派の祖とされるH.J.S.メーンが1861年に公刊した主著。その正式名は《古代法，その初期社会史とのつながりおよび近代諸観念との関連》である。内容は副題が示すように，ローマ法を中心にしてインド法，聖書，ゲルマン法などの古代法に反映している人類初期の諸観念およびその発展，初期社会の構造，それら観念の法発展への影響および近代法との関連，法発展の要因などを解明しようとしたものである。その結論としてメーンが，過去の社会および法発展を〈身分から契約へ〉という標語で一般化したことは，あまりにも有名である。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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