A condition in which one or more lipid fractions, such as cholesterol or triglycerides, in the blood are increased and exceed normal levels. In particular, it can refer to a case in which the serum is cloudy and the triglyceride concentration is increased, but nowadays it is often used synonymously with hyperlipidemia and hyperlipoproteinemia. When describing an increase in each lipid component of hyperlipidemia, it is called hypercholesterolemia, hyperglyceridemia (triglyceridemia), and hyperphospholipidemia, respectively. These are closely related to the progression of arteriosclerosis, especially coronary arteriosclerosis, so they are attracting attention. Hypercholesterolemia is often caused mainly by excessive intake of animal lipids and their processing failure, but it can also be associated with nephrosis, diabetes, and obstructive jaundice, or be familial. Hyperphospholipidemia occurs due to various lipid metabolism disorders, but is often associated with hypercholesterolemia. Causes include familial hyperlipoproteinemia, obstructive jaundice, hypothyroidism, diabetes, and nephrosis. In addition, lipid metabolic disorders in cells are collectively called lipidosis, but since lipids exist in the blood bound to proteins as lipoproteins, clinically it refers to lipoprotein disorders in which the concentration of lipoproteins in the blood increases or decreases abnormally. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
血液中のコレステロールや中性脂肪など,1つまたはそれ以上の脂質分画が増加し,正常値をこえた状態をいう。特に血清が白濁して,トリグリセリド濃度の増加している場合をさすこともあるが,現在では高脂質血症,高リポ蛋白血症と同義語として使われることが多い。高脂血症のうち,脂質各成分の増加を表現するときは,それぞれ高コレステロール血症,高グリセリド (中性脂肪) 血症,高リン脂質血症というように呼ぶ。これらは動脈硬化,ことに冠状動脈硬化症の進展に関係が深いので,注目されている。高コレステロール血症は,主として動物性脂質の摂取過剰とその処理不全によることが多いが,ネフローゼ,糖尿病,閉塞性黄疸に伴うものや,家族性のものなどがある。高リン脂質血症は各種の脂質代謝異常で起るが,高コレステロール血症と合併することが多い。家族性の高リポ蛋白血症,閉塞性黄疸,甲状腺機能低下症,糖尿病,ネフローゼなどが原因となる。また,細胞における脂質代謝障害を総称してリピドーシスと呼ぶが,脂質は血液中では蛋白質と結合してリポ蛋白として存在しているので,臨床的には,血中リポ蛋白濃度が異常に増加または減少するリポ蛋白異常症をさす。
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