German mathematician. Born near Aachen, the descendant of immigrants from France to the Rhine region. Finished middle school at the age of 16, he traveled to Paris to study from 1822. In 1826, he proved that x 5 + y 5 = z 5 has no integer solutions. In 1828, he became a lecturer at the University of Berlin, and after Gauss' death, he moved to the University of Göttingen in 1855. After he married Mendelssohn's sister, his house was filled with musicians and artists, which is said to have caused him a lot of trouble. He was one of the most famous mathematicians in the first half of the 19th century, and has many achievements. He was the first to give the concept of a function as a correspondence. Many mathematical concepts and theorems are named after him, including a representative example: if a and b are mutually prime, then there are infinitely many prime numbers in the infinite sequence a+b, a+2b, ..., a+nb... This is called Dirichlet's theorem about prime numbers. Also, the fact that if you try to put (n+1) people into n rooms, there must be more than two people in each room is known as Dirichlet's principle. Other examples include Dirichlet series, Dirichlet integrals, and the Dirichlet problem for finding harmonic functions. His works include Dirichlet's Lectures on Number Theory, compiled by Dedekind. [Kiyoshi Iseki] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの数学者。フランスからライン地方への移民の子孫で、アーヘン近くで生まれた。16歳で中学を終え、1822年からパリに遊学した。1826年、x5+y5=z5が整数解をもたないことを証明した。1828年ベルリン大学の講師になり、ガウスの死後、1855年からゲッティンゲン大学に移った。メンデルスゾーンの妹と結婚したため、家には音楽家や芸術家などが詰めかけ、大いに困ったといわれる。 19世紀前半の著名な数学者の一人であり、その業績は多い。対応としての関数概念を初めて与えた。彼の名前を冠した数学上の概念や定理は多く、代表的なものとして、aとbが互いに素ならば、無限数列のa+b,a+2b,……,a+nb……のなかに無限に多くの素数がある。これは素数についての「ディリクレの定理」とよばれている。また、(n+1)人をn個の部屋に入れようとすれば、一つの部屋には2人以上入らなければならない、ということが「ディリクレの原理」として知られている。ほかにディリクレ級数、ディリクレの積分、調和関数を求めるディリクレ問題などがある。著作にはデーデキントがまとめたディリクレの『整数論講義』がある。 [井関清志] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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