Ichiki Tokuro - Ichiki Tokuro

A constitutional scholar and bureaucrat-politician from the Meiji to Showa eras. Born on April 4, 1867 (Keio 3), as the second son of Okada Ryoichiro in Kakegawa, Shizuoka Prefecture, he later inherited the Ichiki family business. In 1887 (Meiji 20), he graduated from the Faculty of Law at the Imperial University and joined the Ministry of Home Affairs. In 1890, he studied in Germany, and in 1894, the following year, after returning to Japan, he became a professor at the Faculty of Law while also serving as a secretary for the Ministry of Home Affairs. He lectured on national law from the standpoint of the Emperor Organ Theory, and among his students were Minobe Tatsukichi. In 1900 (Meiji 33), he was appointed by Imperial Rule to the House of Peers, and served in various positions including Director-General of the Legislative Bureau and Vice-Minister of Home Affairs. In 1914 (Taisho 3), he became Minister of Education in the second cabinet of Okuma Shigenobu, and the following year he became Minister of Home Affairs. He became a Privy Councillor in 1917, Vice President of the Privy Council in 1924, Minister of the Imperial Household the following year, and President of the Privy Council in 1934 (Showa 9). During this time he played an important role as a member of the group of elder statesmen and senior vassals, but the following year he was attacked by right-wingers in the Emperor Organ Theory Incident, and resigned from his position as President of the Privy Council in 1936. He died on December 17, 1944.

[Masaomi Yui]

"Memoirs of Professor Ichiki" edited by Akira Noguchi (1954, Memorial Association for Professor Ichiki)" " Research on the History of Modern Japanese Constitutional Thought" by Saburo Ienaga (1967, Iwanami Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

明治から昭和時代の憲法学者、官僚政治家。慶応(けいおう)3年4月4日、静岡県掛川(かけがわ)の岡田良一郎の次男に生まれ、のち一木家を継ぐ。1887年（明治20）帝国大学法科大学を卒業、内務省に入る。1890年ドイツに留学、帰国の翌年1894年から内務書記官兼任のまま法科大学教授となり、天皇機関説の立場から国法学を講じ、門下から美濃部達吉(みのべたつきち)らが輩出した。1900年（明治33）貴族院議員に勅選され、法制局長官、内務次官などを歴任。1914年（大正3）第二次大隈重信(おおくましげのぶ)内閣の文部大臣、翌年内務大臣となる。1917年枢密顧問官、1924年枢密院副議長、翌年宮内大臣となり、1934年（昭和9）枢密院議長となる。この間元老重臣グループの一員として重きをなしたが、翌年の天皇機関説事件で右翼から攻撃され、1936年枢密院議長を辞任した。昭和19年12月17日死去。

［由井正臣］

『野口明編『一木先生回顧録』（1954・一木先生追悼会）』▽『家永三郎著『日本近代憲法思想史研究』（1967・岩波書店）』

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