A non-cold-tolerant perennial vine of the family Basellaceae (APG classification: Basellaceae). Native to tropical Asia. In its native habitat it is eaten as a leafy vegetable, but in Japan it is grown in pots and used as an ornamental plant. The vine grows to over 2 meters, twining around other objects and becoming lush, with a glossy purple-red color. The leaves are alternate, broadly ovate, fleshy, and purple-red. From summer to autumn, the axils produce short spikes of small white flowers with a pale pink tinge. The fruits are spherical and ripen to a blue-blue color. The species eaten in Japan is the basic species with green stems and leaves, which is said to be highly nutritious and tasty, and is used in boiled dishes, stir-fries, and soups. It is cultivated from seeds, sown in spring. When grown in a pot, it is decorated as a lantern, like the morning glory, but it can also be twined around a hedge or used for shade. The family Balsaminaceae is a climbing perennial plant with approximately 5 genera and 22 species in the world, distributed mainly in tropical Africa, with small numbers in Asia and Africa. [Somin Yanagi February 17, 2021] According to the APG classification, the family Malvaceae consists of four genera and approximately 20 species worldwide. [Editorial Department, February 17, 2021] Cultural historyThe plant, known as Malabar japonica, was first seen in the 3rd century Chinese book "Hōbushi" (Book of History of Art), and the 6th century book "Qi Min Yaojutsu" (Book of the Mind of Qi), describes how to make dye from its fruit. It is also used for dyeing in Japan, and the Edo period book "Saif" (1704) states that in addition to being eaten, its fruit can be used to dye paper. At Hitokotonushi Shrine in Gose City, Nara Prefecture, the method of dyeing sacred wands used in religious ceremonies with Malabar japonica fruit has been passed down since ancient times. When soaked in water, the fruit becomes a beautiful wine-red dye, but the color fades over time. One of the Chinese names for the plant, "Tousai" (Fuji Cai), is thought to be related to its color, but it also has many other names, including "Cai" (Shuusai). In modern China, it is also called "Muarza" (Muarza). Su Dongpo wrote that the wisteria leaves of Lake Toyo are comparable to the soup made from water shield (junko). "Lake Toyo has wisteria leaves that look like water shield soup" (the third of five New Year poems). In Japan, the Japanese name "Honzou Wamyo" (around 918) lists this plant as Rakuaoi, with the Japanese name Karaafuhi, but it has not been confirmed whether this Karaaoi is Tsurumurasaki or not. The name Tsurumurasaki first appeared in the Tashikihen (1612) as Tsurumurasaki. The genus name Basella is now also used. [Hiroshi Yuasa February 17, 2021] The vines are shiny purple-red, and the leaves are broadly ovate and fleshy. From summer to autumn, the axils bear small white flowers with a pale pink tinge. © Kyoko Nagumo "> Morning Glory Green-stemmed morning glory "Basera alba" ©Shogakukan "> Malabar jasmine (green stem variety) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ツルムラサキ科(APG分類:ツルムラサキ科)の非耐寒性の多年生つる草。熱帯アジア原産。原地では葉菜として食用にするが、日本では鉢づくりにして観葉植物としても扱う。つるは2メートル以上に伸び、他物に巻き付いて茂り、紫紅色でつやがある。葉は互生し、広卵形、肉厚で、紫赤色を帯びる。夏から秋、葉腋(ようえき)に淡紅色を帯びる白色の小花を短穂状につける。果実は球状、青藍(せいらん)色に熟す。日本で食用にされるものは、茎葉が緑色の基本種で、栄養価が高く、食味がよいとされ、おひたし、炒めもの、汁の実などに利用される。 栽培は実生(みしょう)により、春に播種(はしゅ)する。鉢栽培ではアサガオと同じく行灯(あんどん)仕立てにして観賞するが、垣根に絡ませたり、日よけづくりにしてもよい。 ツルムラサキ科はよじ登り性の多年草で、世界に約5属22種あり、熱帯アフリカを中心にアジア、アフリカに少数分布する。 [柳 宗民 2021年2月17日] APG分類では、ツルムラサキ科は世界に4属約20種がある。 [編集部 2021年2月17日] 文化史ツルムラサキは落葵(らくき)の名で、3世紀の中国の『博物志』に初見し、6世紀の『斉民要術(せいみんようじゅつ)』には、実から染料をつくる方法が記述されている。日本でも染色に使われ、江戸時代の『菜譜(さいふ)』(1704)には、食用のほか、実で紙を染めると書かれている。奈良県御所(ごせ)市の一言主神社(ひとことぬしじんじゃ)には、神事に使う御幣を、ツルムラサキの実で染める手法が古くから伝わる。果実は水浸すると美しいワインレッドの染料になるが、日がたつと退色する。漢名の一つ藤菜(とうさい)は色が関与した名と考えられるが、ほかにも菜(しゅうさい)をはじめ異名が多い。現代の中国では木耳菜(ムーアルツァー)ともよぶ。蘇東坡(そとうば)は豊湖の藤菜がジュンサイのあつもの(蓴羹(じゅんこう))に匹敵すると詠んだ。「豊湖有藤菜似可敵蓴羹(ほうこにありとうさいにててきすべしじゅんこう)」(新年五首の第三首)。日本では『本草和名(ほんぞうわみょう)』(918ころ)に落葵、和名加良阿布比(からあふひ)と載るが、このカラアオイがツルムラサキかどうか確定されていない。ツルムラサキの名は『多識編(たしきへん)』(1612)に豆留牟良佐岐(つるむらさき)と初めて出る。現在は属名のバセラも使われている。 [湯浅浩史 2021年2月17日] つるは紫紅色でつやがあり、葉は広卵形で肉厚。夏から秋、葉腋に淡紅色を帯びる白色の小花をつける©南雲今日子"> ツルムラサキ 緑茎のツルムラサキ「バセラ・アルバ」©Shogakukan"> ツルムラサキ(緑茎種) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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