Tsudome

A method of controlling the distribution of goods by feudal lords from the Middle Ages to the early modern period. There were many examples of this in feudal domains, where "gateway guardhouses" and "mouth guardhouses" were set up on roads and ports on the borders of domains to prohibit or restrict the import and export of certain goods. The goods that were kept in tsutsume were called "tsutsumono," and the items varied from domain to domain depending on the circumstances at the time. In times of poor harvests and famines, some domains prohibited the export of rice from their domains to other domains, and some domains prohibited the export of rice until the annual tax payment was completed. From the mid-early modern period onwards, when a monopoly on domestic products was established in various domains, the export of those goods was prohibited, and in some cases taxes were imposed and restrictions were imposed on the import and export of certain goods to control prices within the domain and protect specialty products. However, the shogunate prohibited the establishment of new tsutsume in order to promote the nationwide distribution of goods.

[Noboru Kawana]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中世から近世にかけて行われた封建領主による物資流通統制の一手段。とくに諸藩における例が多く、藩領境の道路や港などに「津口(つぐち)番所」「口留(くちどめ)番所」などを設けて、特定物資の移出入を禁止し、あるいは制限した。津留を受ける物資を「留物」といったが、その品目は諸藩により時の事情によってさまざまで、凶作・飢饉(ききん)などには自領の米穀類の他領移出を禁止し、また年貢納入完了までは米穀の移出を禁止したところもある。近世中期以後、諸藩で国産物の専売制が敷かれると、その品の移出は禁止され、また領内の物価統制、特産物保護などのために、特定の物資の移出入に課税し制限した場合もあった。しかし幕府は、全国的な商品流通を推進する立場から、新規の津留を禁止している。

［川名　登］

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