Ergodic Hypothesis - Ergodic Cases

Japanese: エルゴード仮説 - エルゴードカセツ
Ergodic Hypothesis - Ergodic Cases

This is the hypothesis used by L. Boltzmann when deriving the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. When a system consisting of N particles is isolated from the outside world, the energy E of the entire system is conserved. 6 The points ( q1 , q2 , ..., q3N , p1 , p2 , ..., p3N ) in N- dimensional topological space, i.e., γ - space , give one state of the system. The state point moves on the surface of E = const over time according to the laws of mechanics. Whether the trajectory covers the entire area of ​​the surface is a complicated problem, and there may be cases where the state point never comes to a part of the surface. Therefore, for the system under consideration, we make the hypothesis that "the trajectory of the state point of the system passes through all points on the surface of E = const in γ-space over time." This is called the ergodic hypothesis. If this hypothesis holds, it proves that the time average of a certain mechanical quantity X is equal to the topological space average (the ergodic theorem). However, in cases such as periodic motion, the ergodic hypothesis may not hold, and the debate has become complicated. To this day, it has been studied by many physicists and mathematicians from various aspects as ergodic theory.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

L. Boltzmannがマクスウェル-ボルツマン分布を導く際に用いた仮説.N個の粒子からなる体系が外界から孤立していると,系全体のエネルギーEは保存される.6N次元の位相空間,すなわち,γ空間の点(q1q2,…,q3Np1p2,…,p3N)は体系の一つの状態を与える.その状態点は力学の法則に従って時間とともにE = constの面上を移動する.その軌道が面の全領域を覆うかどうかはめんどうな問題で,面の一部には決してこないことがあるかもしれない.そこで,考えている体系に対して,仮定“体系の状態点の軌跡は時間の経過とともにγ空間におけるE = constの面上すべての点を通過する”をおく.これをエルゴード仮説という.この仮説が成立すれば,ある力学量Xの時間平均と位相空間平均とが等しくなること(エルゴードの定理)が証明される.しかし,周期運動のような場合には,エルゴード仮説が成立しないこともありうるので議論は紛糾した.現在に至るまで,エルゴード理論としていろいろな側面から多数の物理学者および数学者によって研究されている.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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