Inventor of the rigid airship. Born in Konstanz, Baden, Germany. After graduating from the military academy and becoming an army officer, he studied at the Technical University of Tübingen. After retiring as a lieutenant general in 1891, he invested his own money to develop a rigid airship capable of high-speed navigation, with an aluminum alloy frame covered in cloth for air resistance and built-in gas bags for buoyancy. The LZ1 type was 128 meters long, 12 meters in diameter, had a gas volume of 11,300 cubic meters, and was powered by two 12-horsepower engines. In 1900, Zeppelin himself flew as captain at the age of 62. It was later enlarged, and between 1910 and 1914, five airships transported a total of 35,000 passengers around the country without incident. In World War I, the German Navy used them for fleet reconnaissance and bombing of London and other places, but more damage was caused by storms than by interception. After the war, the US Navy adopted airships using non-flammable helium gas, but most of them were lost due to weather disasters. Germany continued to use them for transportation, but in May 1937, the LZ129 "Hindenburg" caught fire while landing in Lakehurst, USA, on a regular transatlantic route, and airships disappeared from the skies of the world. However, it is quite possible that the Zeppelin concept could be put to new use and they could be revived as a means of transportation. [Matao Sanuki] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
硬式飛行船の発明者。ドイツ、バーデンのコンスタンツに生まれる。士官学校を卒業し陸軍将校となったのち、チュービンゲン工科大学に学んだ。1891年中将で退役すると、私財を投じて、アルミニウム合金骨格へ布を張った外殻で空気抵抗を受け、浮力を内蔵ガス袋によって得る、高速航行が可能な硬式飛行船の開発に着手した。LZ1型は長さ128メートル、直径12メートル、ガス容積1万1300立方メートル、12馬力エンジンの双発で、1900年62歳のツェッペリンが自ら船長として飛行した。その後大型化し、1910年から1914年までに、5隻の飛行船は延べ3万5000人の乗客を無事故で国内輸送した。第一次世界大戦にはドイツ海軍によって艦隊偵察やロンドンなどの爆撃に使われたが、迎撃よりも暴風などによる被害が多かった。大戦後アメリカ海軍が不燃性のヘリウムガスを用いた飛行船を採用したが、気象災害によってほとんどが喪失された。ドイツではその後も輸送に使われたが、1937年5月、LZ129型「ヒンデンブルク号」が大西洋定期横断航路を飛行してアメリカのレークハーストに着陸する際に炎上したことで、飛行船は世界の空から消えた。しかし、ツェッペリンの構想が新しく生かされ、運輸機関として復活する可能性も十分考えられる。 [佐貫亦男] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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