Requiem - Chinkonsai

It is also called "Tamashizume Festival" or "Tamafuri Festival." It is a magical ritual held at the Imperial Court in the Imperial Household Ministry's main office on the day of the tiger in the last month of November (or the middle day of the tiger), the day before the Daijosai and Niinamesai. According to the Shijisai in the Engishiki, the deities worshipped are the gods of the Hasshinden Shrine of the Jingikan and Oonaobi no Kami. The significance of the ritual is detailed in the Shikiinryo in the Ryo no Gige, and is said to be to ensure the emperor's soul is placed at rest within his body prior to the Daijosai and Niinamesai. This ritual is characterized by the participation of shrine maidens (Miko) belonging to the Shinto priest's office, called Mikan-nagi (Miko) and Saru-me (Sarume), under the leadership of the Shinto priest, who perform the ritual acts. The first appearance of this ritual in historical documents was in the entry for November 24, 685, in the 14th year of Emperor Tenmu's reign in the Nihon Shoki, and in the Kogo Shūi (Collection of Ancient Words), the origin of this event is traced to the myth of Amaterasu Omikami's hiding in the cave of heaven and Ame-no-Uzume-no-Mikoto, but there are also theories that deny this.

[Yoshihiko Sata]

"On the Requiem Ritual, by Higo Kazuo" (included in the "Collection of Shinto Essays in Commemoration of the 60th Birthday of Professor Senge Takanobu, 1958, Shinto Studies Association)" ▽ "Ancient Traditions and Court Rituals, by Matsumae Ken (1974, Hanawa Shobo)" ▽ "Research on the Ritsuryo System, by Toshimitsu Mitsuo (1981, Keio Tsushin)" ▽ "A Consideration on the Requiem Ritsuryo Ceremony, by Tani Shogo" (Shinto History Research, 28-1)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

「鎮魂祭(たましずめのまつり)」「鎮魂祭(たまふりのまつり)」ともいう。大嘗祭(だいじょうさい)・新嘗祭(にいなめさい)の前日にあたる11月下の寅日（または中の寅日）、宮内省正庁において行われた宮廷の呪術的祭祀(さいし)。『延喜式(えんぎしき)』四時祭(しじさい)によれば祭神は神祇官(じんぎかん)八神殿(はっしんでん)の神々および大直日神(おおなおびのかみ)。祭祀の意義は『令義解(りょうのぎげ)』職員令(しきいんりょう)に詳しく、大嘗祭・新嘗祭に先だち天皇の魂を体内に安鎮させるためであるという。この神事では、御巫(みかんなぎ)・猿女(さるめ)と呼ばれた神祇官に所属する巫女(みこ)が神祇伯に率いられて行事に参加し、神事行為を行うのが特徴である。史料上の初見は『日本書紀』天武天皇14年（685）11月24日条で、『古語拾遺』ではこの行事の起源を天照大神の天岩戸隠れと天鈿女命(あめのうずめのみこと)の神話に求めているが、これを否定する説もある。

［佐多芳彦］

『肥後和男著「鎮魂の儀について」（『千家尊宣先生還暦記念　神道論文集』所収・1958・神道学会）』▽『松前健著『古代伝承と宮廷祭祀』（1974・塙書房）』▽『利光三津夫著『律令制の研究』（1981・慶応通信）』▽『谷省吾著「鎮御魂斎戸祭に関する一考察」（『神道史研究』28-1）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例