Refers to normal bacteria that live or grow in the intestinal tract. Bacteriologically, it is a general term for bacteria that belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae. They have the following general characteristics in common: (1) they are gram-negative bacilli that do not form spores, (2) they are facultative anaerobes, (3) they grow well on ordinary artificial media, (4) they reduce nitrates to nitrites, (5) they rapidly break down glucose to produce acid and gas or only acid, and (6) some are non-motile, while others are peritrichous. They are divided into 20 genera, including Escherichia, Edwardsiella, Citrobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Hafnia, Serratia, Proteus, Yersinia, and Erwinia. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
腸内に生息し,あるいは腸管内で増殖する常在細菌をさす。細菌学的には,腸内細菌 (エンテロバクテリア) 科に属する細菌の総称である。共通する一般性状は次のとおり。 (1) 芽胞をつくらないグラム陰性の桿菌,(2) 通性嫌気性,(3) 普通の人工培地でよく発育,(4) 硝酸塩を亜硝酸塩に還元,(5) ブドウ糖をすみやかに分解して酸とガス,または酸のみを発生,(6) 運動性のないものもあるが,あるものは周毛による。エシェリキア,エドワルドジェラ,シトロバクター,サルモネラ,シゲラ,クレブシェラ,エンテロバクター,ハフニア,セラチア,プロテウス,エルシニア,エルウィニアなど 20属に分けられている。
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