Survivor's pension - Izoku Nenkin

When an insured person who was the breadwinner dies, a pension is paid to specified surviving family members who were supported by that person. In addition to the basic survivor's pension paid to all citizens by the National Pension, there is also the employee's survivor's pension provided by the Employee's Pension Insurance.

A survivor's basic pension is paid to the spouse or child who was supported by the insured person under the National Pension System or a person who has met the eligibility period for a basic old-age pension when that person dies. In this case, a child is an unmarried child up until the end of the year in which they reach the age of 18, or a child under the age of 20 with a grade 1 or 2 disability. However, if the spouse is entitled to a survivor's basic pension or if there is a father or mother who lives with the person, the payment of the survivor's basic pension to the child will be suspended during that time. The amount of the survivor's basic pension is a fixed amount, 1,006,600 yen per year (2020 fiscal year) for a spouse and one child, and the amount increases for each additional child.

Survivor's Employee's Pension Insurance is paid to the surviving family members who were supported by the insured person of the Employee's Pension Insurance or the beneficiary of the Old Age Employee's Pension Insurance when the insured person or the beneficiary of the Old Age Employee's Pension Insurance dies. The scope of the surviving family members who are eligible for the payment includes the surviving family members who are eligible for the Survivor's Basic Pension (spouse or child with children), the spouse without children (conditions for husband will be described later), the husband, parents, and grandparents who are 55 years old or older when the insured person dies (all are paid from age 60), and grandchildren (conditions for children and grandchildren are the same as for children of the Survivor's Basic Pension). Therefore, if the surviving family is a spouse or child with children, both the Survivor's Basic Pension and the Survivor's Employee's Pension Insurance are paid, and other surviving family members are paid only the Survivor's Employee's Pension Insurance. The order of the surviving family members who are paid the Survivor's Employee's Pension Insurance is (1) spouse and children, (2) parents, (3) grandchildren, and (4) grandparents. If the first-order person acquires the right to receive the pension, the next-order person will not be paid even if the first-order person loses the right to receive the pension. The amount of the survivor's employee pension is based on three-quarters of the salary-proportional pension amount, to which the middle-aged and elderly widow's supplement or transitional widow's supplement is added if the beneficiary is the wife. When calculating the amount of the survivor's employee pension, if the insured period is less than 300 months due to death during the insured period, the calculation is based on 300 months. When the right to receive both a survivor's pension and an old-age pension is acquired, the survivor's employee pension and the basic old-age pension are paid together. Meanwhile, for the survivor's employee pension and the old-age employee pension, those under 65 can choose one of them, and for those 65 and over, the old-age employee pension is paid in full, but if the amount of the survivor's employee pension is higher than the old-age employee pension, the difference between the amount of the old-age employee pension and the amount of the old-age employee pension is paid.

[Yasuhiko Yamazaki November 13, 2020]

"Illustrated Guide to the Pension System, 6th Edition, edited by Mizuho Research Institute (2015, Toyo Keizai Inc.)" ▽ "Comprehensive Guide to the Employee's Pension Insurance Act, April 2018 Edition, (2018, Social Insurance Research Institute)" ▽ "Comprehensive Guide to the National Pension Act, April 2018 Edition, (2018, Social Insurance Research Institute)" ▽ "Social Insurance Guide, Pension Guide, National Pension Handbook, various editions (Social Insurance Research Institute)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

生計の担い手である被保険者が死亡したとき、その人によって生計を維持していた所定の遺族に支給される年金。遺族年金には、国民年金から支給される全国民共通の遺族基礎年金のほかに、厚生年金保険の遺族厚生年金がある。

　遺族基礎年金は、国民年金の被保険者または老齢基礎年金の資格期間を満たした者が死亡したとき、その者によって生計を維持していた子のある配偶者または子に支給される。この場合の子とは、婚姻をしていない18歳到達年度の末日までの子または20歳未満であって障害の程度が1、2級の子である。ただし、子に対する遺族基礎年金は、配偶者が遺族基礎年金の受給権を有するとき、または生計を同じくする父または母があるときは、その間支給停止される。遺族基礎年金の年金額は定額で、配偶者と子1人では年額100万6600円（2020年度）、子が増えると加算される。

　遺族厚生年金は、厚生年金の被保険者や老齢厚生年金の受給権者などが死亡したとき、その者によって生計を維持していた遺族に支給される。支給対象となる遺族の範囲は、遺族基礎年金の支給対象となる遺族（子のある配偶者または子）、子のない配偶者（夫の条件については後述）、被保険者等が死亡したときに55歳以上である夫・父母・祖父母（いずれも60歳から支給）、孫である（子、孫の条件は遺族基礎年金の子の場合と同様）。したがって、遺族が子のある配偶者または子のときは遺族基礎年金と遺族厚生年金の両方が支給され、その他の遺族には遺族厚生年金のみが支給される。遺族厚生年金が支給される遺族の順位は、(1)配偶者と子、(2)父母、(3)孫、(4)祖父母であり、先順位の者が受給権を取得すれば、その後に先順位の者が受給権を失っても、次順位の者には支給されない。遺族厚生年金の年金額は、報酬比例の年金額の4分の3を基本として、妻が受給権者の場合は、これに中高齢の寡婦加算額または経過的寡婦加算額を加えた額である。遺族厚生年金の年金額の計算では、被保険者期間中の死亡などで被保険者期間が300月未満のときは300月として計算する。遺族年金と老齢年金の受給権を取得したときの併給関係については、遺族厚生年金と老齢基礎年金は併給される。一方、遺族厚生年金と老齢厚生年金については、65歳未満ではいずれか一つの年金の選択制であり、65歳以上では、老齢厚生年金は全額支給されるが、遺族厚生年金は老齢厚生年金より年金額が高い場合に、老齢厚生年金の額との差額が支給される。

［山崎泰彦　2020年11月13日］

『みずほ総合研究所編著『図解　年金のしくみ』第6版（2015・東洋経済新報社）』▽『『厚生年金保険法総覧　平成30年4月版』（2018・社会保険研究所）』▽『『国民年金法総覧　平成30年4月版』（2018・社会保険研究所）』▽『『社会保険のてびき』『年金のてびき』『国民年金ハンドブック』各年版（社会保険研究所）』

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