This refers to a compacted soil layer that develops directly under the till due to the load of people, cattle, horses, and agricultural machinery involved in agricultural work. Compaction is caused by loads, as well as by the fall of till material, which fills the voids in the subsoil. It is also called the till pan or plough bottom. Therefore, the plow bed has a higher volume density and a lower porosity than the soil layers directly above and below. In Japan, the plow bed has been attracting attention, especially in relation to the permeability and bearing capacity of paddy soil. In paddy fields with good drainage, the plow bed often prevents water leakage, so in leaky areas, a plow bed is artificially created when the paddy fields are opened by compacting it with a bulldozer, a process known as bed compaction. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
農作業に伴う人や牛馬,農業機械などによる荷重のために,作土直下に発達する圧密された土層をいう。圧密は荷重によるほか,作土物質が落下して下層土の空隙(くうげき)をうずめることにもよる。耕盤または犂底盤(りていばん)ともよばれる。したがってすき床は,直上および真下の土層よりも容積重が大きく孔隙率が小さい。日本では,とくに水田土壌の透水性と地耐力に関連してすき床が注目される。排水のよい水田ではすき床が漏水を抑制していることが多く,そのため漏水田地帯では開田の際に床締めと称してブルドーザー転圧などにより人為的にすき床が造成される。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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