Churchill

Japanese: チャーチル

British politician. In his youth, he suppressed the Cuban rebellion, participated in the Sudanese expedition, and served as a journalist in the Boer War. In 1900, he became a member of the House of Commons as a Conservative member, but switched to the Liberal Party in opposition to protective tariffs, and served as Minister of Trade, Home Secretary, and Colonial Secretary. In 1911, he became Minister of the Navy, but resigned in 1915 after the failed attack on the Dardanelles during World War I. After the war, he served as Minister of War, Air Force, and Colonial Secretary, but returned to the Conservative Party in 1924 and, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, pushed through an austerity policy. From 1929 onwards, he was at odds with the party mainstream and was outside the cabinet, warning of the threat of the Nazis and criticizing the government's appeasement policy. With the outbreak of World War II, he became Minister of the Navy, and in 1940 he became leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister, and led the Allied war effort together with Roosevelt and Stalin, but resigned in 1945. He became prime minister again in 1951, but resigned and retired in 1955. He was a lifelong anti-communist, but had outstanding skills as a realist politician, such as promoting a policy of rapprochement with the Soviet Union during World War II. He was also known as a writer and orator, and was also a skilled painter. In 1953, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature for "World War II." His other works include a memorandum on World War I, "The World Crisis," a collection of speeches, and a biography of his ancestors.
→ Related topics Attlee | Eden | Memoirs | Cairo Conference | Nuclear deterrence | Casablanca Conference | Sutherland | Iron Curtain | Butler | Blenheim Palace | Potsdam Conference | Hochhuth | Martini | Marlborough | Manhattan (cocktail) | Yalta Conference

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

英国の政治家。青年時代にキューバ反乱鎮圧，スーダン遠征に参加，ボーア戦争には新聞記者として従軍。1900年保守党員として下院議員となったが保護関税に反対して自由党に転じ，商相・内相・植民相を歴任。1911年海相となり，第１次大戦中ダーダネルス海峡攻撃に失敗，1915年辞任。戦後陸相・空相・植民相を歴任したが1924年保守党に復帰，蔵相として緊縮経済政策を強行。1929年以後は党主流と対立して閣外にありナチスの脅威を警告して宥和(ゆうわ)政策をとる政府を批判。第２次大戦勃発(ぼっぱつ)とともに海相，1940年保守党党首，首相となり，ローズベルト，スターリンとともに連合国の戦争指導に当たったが，1945年下野。1951年再度首相となったが1955年辞任，引退。終生反共主義者だったが，第２次大戦中は対ソ接近策を推進するなど現実主義的政治家としてすぐれた手腕をもっていた。文筆家，雄弁家としても知られ，絵筆もふるった。1953年《第２次世界大戦》でノーベル文学賞。その他第１次大戦の覚書《世界の危機》や演説集，先祖の伝記等の著書がある。
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