Born: February 28, 1712, near Nimes Died September 14, 1759. A French soldier in Quebec. He enlisted at the age of 15, and fought for the first time in the War of the Polish Succession (1733-38), and then in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48). When the Seven Years' War broke out in 1756, he became the commander of the French army in Canada and was posted to Quebec. Making use of his characteristic boldness, he captured Fort Oswego and Fort William Henry, defeating the British. In 1758, he defended Fort Ticonderoga with a small force, inflicting heavy damage on the British, but the royal court did not send reinforcements, and finally, in 1759, Quebec fell to an attack by General J. Wolfe, and Montcalm was killed in battle. This resulted in the loss of French dominance in America. (→ French and Indian War ) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1712.2.28. ニーム近郊 [没]1759.9.14. ケベック フランスの軍人。 15歳で入隊し,ポーランド継承戦争 (1733~38) に初めて参戦,次いでオーストリア継承戦争 (40~48) で活躍。 1756年七年戦争が起るとカナダのフランス軍指揮官となり,ケベックに着任,もちまえの大胆な行動を生かしてオスウィーゴ要塞とウィリアム・ヘンリー要塞を攻略し,イギリス軍を破った。 58年タイコンデロガ要塞を少数の軍勢で死守,イギリス軍に大損害を与えたが,宮廷は援軍を送らず,ついに 59年 J.ウルフ将軍の攻撃を受けてケベックは陥落,モンカルムは戦死した。これによりアメリカにおけるフランスの支配権は失われた。 (→フレンチ・アンド・インディアン戦争 ) 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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