It is also called the Thousand Years of Mercy or the Thousand Years of Bliss. It is a form of Christian eschatology, and is based on a literal interpretation of Chapter 20 of the Book of Revelation. According to it, before the final judgment, Christ will return and establish his kingdom on earth. This kingdom will last for 1,000 years, during which time martyrs and righteous Christians will be resurrected (the first resurrection) and enjoy 1,000 years of bliss. During this time, the devil will be chained, but at the end of the kingdom he will be allowed to act again, and after a fierce battle he will be decisively defeated at the final judgment. Sinners will then be resurrected (the second resurrection), judged, and cast into the lake of fire (the second death). Meanwhile, the righteous will enter into eternal bliss in heaven (the kingdom of God), and the end of the world will be complete. The seeds of this idea were already seen in the prophecies of the Old Testament, and it was gradually formulated by incorporating ideas from the Sibylline Prophets (4th century), which preached the Antichrist's rule over the earth before the second coming of Christ. The Orthodox Church viewed this view of the eschatology as heresy, but the idea of the millennium was passed down throughout the Middle Ages, supported by the sentiment of anticipation for the arrival of the end of the world, and the ideas of Joachim da Fiore in the 11th century in particular had a major influence on later generations. During the Reformation, this idea was prominent among the Anabaptists, such as Thomas Müntzer, and in modern times, the Adventists (Second Adventists) started by the American William Miller (1782-1849) and the Jehovah's Witnesses (Watchtower) place the idea of the millennium at the center of their doctrine. The cargo cults of Melanesia and the Taiping Rebellion in China also inherited this idea. [Yoshio Tsuruoka] [References] | | Witnesses| | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
千福年、至福(しふく)千年ともいう。キリスト教の終末論の一形態で、「ヨハネ黙示録」20章の字句どおりの解釈に基づく。それによると、最後の審判の前に、キリストが再臨して地上に王国を打ち立てる。この王国は1000年続き、このとき、殉教者や義(ただ)しいキリスト教徒は復活して(第一の復活)、1000年間の至福を味わう。この間悪魔は鎖につながれているが、王国の終わりにあたりふたたび活動を許され、激しい闘いののち、最後の審判において決定的に敗れる。そこで罪人たちもよみがえり(第二の復活)、審判を経て火の池に投げ入れられる(第二の死)。一方、義しい人々は天国(神の国)の永遠の至福のなかに入り、終末は完成する。 こうした思想の萌芽(ほうが)はすでに『旧約聖書』の預言書にもみられ、さらにキリストの再臨の前に、アンチ(反)キリストの地上支配を説くシビラの預言書(4世紀)などの思想も組み入れて、漸次定式化されていった。正統教会はこうした終末観を異端視してきたが、終末の到来を待望する心情にも支えられて、中世を通じ千年王国思想は受け継がれ、とくに11世紀のヨアキム・ダ・フィオーレの思想は後世に大きな影響を与えた。 宗教改革期にはトマス・ミュンツァーら再洗礼派にこの思想が顕著で、現代ではアメリカのウィリアム・ミラー(1782―1849)に始まるアドベンティスト派(再臨(さいりん)派)やエホバの証人(ものみの塔)などは、千年王国思想を教義の中心に置いている。またメラネシアのカーゴ・カルト、中国の太平天国の乱なども、この思想を受け継いだものである。 [鶴岡賀雄] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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