Cherenkov (English notation) Павел Алексеевич Черенков/Pavel Alekseevich Cherenkov

Japanese: チェレンコフ - ちぇれんこふ(英語表記)Павел Алексеевич Черенков/Pavel Alekseevich Cherenkov
Cherenkov (English notation) Павел Алексеевич Черенков/Pavel Alekseevich Cherenkov

A Soviet physicist. Born in Voronezh, he graduated from Voronezh University in 1928. In 1930, he became a researcher at the Lebedev Physical Institute. Working under the physicist Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov (1891-1951), he began experiments on the phenomenon of liquids emitting light when irradiated with gamma rays. At the time, it was known that luminescence occurs when high-energy light is irradiated onto liquids or solids. At the time, there was no way to measure weak light, so Cherenkov measured the light using eyes accustomed to the dark. Also, since luminescence in liquids occurs when a mixture is present, he performed experiments by distilling water twice to reduce the amount of the mixture. However, luminescence was still observed, making it clear that a type of luminescence other than luminescence was occurring. It was discovered by Tamm and I.M. Frank in 1937 that this light emission was caused by electromagnetic Mach waves produced by faster-than-light electrons due to the Compton effect of gamma rays, and this came to be called the "Cherenkov effect."

The Cherenkov counter, which exploits this effect, became indispensable in high-energy physics experiments. In 1958, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with Tamm and Frank for their discovery and interpretation of the Cherenkov effect.

[Tadashi Sato]

[References] | Gamma rays | Compton effect | Tamm | Cherenkov radiation | Frank | Luminescence

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ソ連の物理学者。ボロネジに生まれ、1928年ボロネジ大学を卒業。1930年よりレーベデフ物理学研究所の研究員となった。物理学者バビロフSergei Ivanovich Vavilov(1891―1951)の下で、液体中にγ(ガンマ)線を照射すると液体が発光する現象の実験を始めた。当時、液体や固体に高エネルギーの光を照射するとルミネセンスをおこし発光することが知られていた。このころ、弱い光を測定する方法がなく、チェレンコフは暗闇(くらやみ)に慣れた目によって測光し、また液体中でのルミネセンスはそこに混合物が存在することによりおこるので、水を二度蒸留して混合物を少なくし実験した。ところがそれでも発光が見られ、ルミネセンスではない発光がおこっていることが明らかとなった。この発光は、γ線のコンプトン効果によってつくられた超光速電子による電磁的なマッハ波によることがタムとI・M・フランクによって明らかにされ(1937)、「チェレンコフ効果」とよばれるようになった。

 この効果を利用したチェレンコフ計数管は高エネルギー物理実験の必需品となった。1958年、タム、フランクとともにチェレンコフ効果の発見と解釈によりノーベル物理学賞を受賞した。

[佐藤 忠]

[参照項目] | γ線 | コンプトン効果 | タム | チェレンコフ放射 | フランク | ルミネセンス

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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