Potassium carbonate

Japanese: 炭酸カリウム - たんさんかりうむ(英語表記)potassium carbonate
Potassium carbonate

Potassium carbonate. Also called potassium carbonate or simply potash. One of the most important potassium salts. It is found in about 10% of the ashes of land plants, and its water extract is called lye, which was formerly used as a detergent. It is produced by blowing carbon dioxide into a 45-50% solution of potassium hydroxide, filtering out impurities when all of it becomes potassium carbonate, and concentrating it under vacuum.

2KOH+ CO2 K2CO3 + H2O
Another method is to precipitate potassium bicarbonate and then thermally decompose it.

2KHCO 3 →K 2 CO 3 +CO 2 +H2O
The anhydrate is a colorless, hygroscopic crystal. It dissolves well in water, and becomes alkaline when hydrolyzed in an aqueous solution. It is insoluble in alcohol. It absorbs carbon dioxide and turns into potassium hydrogen carbonate (also called potassium bicarbonate). Other known forms include the 1.5 hydrate (monoclinic system) and the dihydrate (orthorhombic system). It is used in the manufacture of soft soap, hard glass, optical glass, etc., as well as in dyeing, bleaching, and washing wool. In laboratories, it is used as a dehydrating agent, flux, and analytical reagent, and is also used as a pharmaceutical formulation ingredient.

[Torii Yasuo]

[Supplementary Material] | Potassium carbonate (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

炭酸のカリウム塩。炭酸カリまたは単にカリともいう。カリウム塩中もっとも重要なものの一つ。陸上植物の灰の中に10%程度含まれており、水による抽出液は灰汁(あく)とよばれ、古くは洗剤に使用されていた。水酸化カリウムの45~50%溶液に二酸化炭素を吹き込み、全部が炭酸カリウムとなったところで不純物を濾別(ろべつ)し、真空濃縮することによって製造される。

  2KOH+CO2→K2CO3+H2O
 また、炭酸水素カリウムとして析出させてから熱分解する方法も行われる。

  2KHCO3→K2CO3+CO2+H2O
 無水和物は無色、吸湿性の結晶。水によく溶け、水溶液中では加水分解してアルカリ性を呈する。アルコールには溶けない。二酸化炭素を吸収して炭酸水素カリウム(重炭酸カリウムともいう)に変わる。ほかに1.5水和物(単斜晶系)、二水和物(斜方晶系)が知られている。軟せっけん、硬質ガラス、光学ガラスなどの製造原料、染色、漂白、羊毛の洗濯などに使用される。実験室では脱水剤、融剤、分析試薬として用いられるほか、医薬品の製剤原料にもなる。

[鳥居泰男]

[補完資料] | 炭酸カリウム(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Calcium carbonate

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