A national art museum in Berlin. It is the common name for the group of art museums in the Dahlem district that house works managed by the Prussian Cultural Foundation, which belonged to the West after the division of Berlin into East and West in 1945. It was formerly called the State Museum of West Berlin, and its official name is Staatliche Museum, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin. It consists of a picture gallery, a print gallery, a sculpture gallery, an East Asian gallery, an Islamic gallery, and an ethnographic museum. The first three are in a building built as an ethnographic museum in the 1910s, and the remaining three are in a new building built in 1970 next to it. The works in the main gallery were once exhibited in the National Gallery (there are two museums, the old one opened in 1830) and the Bode Museum (opened in 1904), both in East Berlin. The core of the collection was 340 pieces inherited from the Prussian royal family, and just before the Second World War the number of paintings reached 2,800, but 400 were lost in a fire, 900 were seized and returned from the Soviet Union to East Berlin (after 1958), and the remaining 1,500 were seized and returned from the United States to West Berlin (1957). The collection was divided in two during the war, but the gallery still houses a collection of European paintings from the 13th to 18th centuries, said to be among the best in the world in both quality and quantity. In addition to important works from the Italian Renaissance, the gallery is particularly good at northern works by Van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, Dürer, Cranach, and others. The print gallery has Botticelli's Divine Comedy, as well as drawings and prints by Dürer, Holbein, Rembrandt, and others, while the sculpture gallery has works mainly from the Italian Renaissance. 19th and 20th century art is exhibited in the National Gallery, which was completed in 1968 in the Tiergarten to a design by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and plans are underway to relocate the Dahlem Picture Gallery, Print Gallery, and Sculpture Gallery to new buildings in this location. [Noriko Minato] After the reunification of East and West Germany, the national museums in Berlin were reorganized and consolidated, and the European paintings from the Dahlem Museum of Art were moved to the Berlin Picture Gallery and the Alte Nationalgalerie, while the prints were moved to the Copperplate Print Gallery. As of 2009, the Dahlem district is home to the Museum of Asian Art, the Ethnography Museum, and the Museum of European Cultures. [Editorial Department] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ベルリンにある国立美術館。1945年、ベルリンの東西分裂後、西側に帰属したプロイセン文化財団の管轄作品を収容する、ダーレム地区にある美術館群の通称。かつては西ベルリン国立美術館ともよばれ、正式名称はStaatliche Museum, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin。絵画館、版画館、彫刻館、東アジア館、イスラム館、民族博物館からなり、前の3館は1910年代に民族博物館として建てられた建物に、あとの3館はこれに隣接して1970年に建てられた新しい建物に入っている。 中心をなす絵画館の作品は、かつては東ベルリン所在の国立美術館(新・旧2館あり、旧館は1830年開設)やボーデ美術館(1904開設)などに展示されていた。プロイセン王家伝来の340点のコレクションを核とし、第二次世界大戦直前には2800点に達していた絵画作品は、400点が焼失、900点がソ連から東ベルリンに(1958以降)、残る1500点がアメリカから西ベルリンに(1957)、それぞれ接収ののち返還された。往時のコレクションは大戦によって二分されたわけだが、この絵画館には世界屈指といわれる質と量の、13~18世紀のヨーロッパ絵画の名品がそろっている。イタリア・ルネサンスの重要作品を含むほか、ファン・アイク、ロジェ・ファン・デル・ワイデン、デューラー、クラナハなど、北方系の作品にとくに優れている。 版画館にはボッティチェッリの『神曲』や、デューラー、ホルバイン、レンブラントなどの素描や版画が、彫刻館にはイタリア・ルネサンスを中心とする作品が所蔵される。19、20世紀美術は、1968年にミース・ファン・デル・ローエの設計でティアガルテンに完成したナツィオナルガレリーに展示されており、ダーレムの絵画館、版画館、彫刻館もこの地に新築移転の計画が進められている。 [湊 典子] 東西ドイツ統一後、ベルリンの国立博物館群は整理統合され、ダーレム美術館のヨーロッパ絵画はベルリン絵画館、旧国立美術館などへ、版画などは銅版画陳列館へ移された。2009年現在、ダーレム地区には、アジア美術館、民族博物館、ヨーロッパ諸文化博物館がある。 [編集部] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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