It corresponds to artificial insemination of animals, where pollen is artificially applied to the stigma of the pistil of a plant to fertilize it. It is an important operation when crossbreeding crops to improve varieties, and in recent years it has become an important agricultural practice for improving fruit set in fruit tree cultivation. Generally, mature pollen in the anther of the stamen is released when the anther opens (the anther splits open), and only this mature pollen can germinate on the stigma of the pistil. Fertilization is completed when the pollen tube that has germinated and extended through the style of the pistil reaches the egg cell in the ovary. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
植物のめしべの柱頭に人為的に花粉をかけて受精させることで,動物の人工受精に対応する。作物の品種改良で交雑育種を行う場合の重要な操作であり,また近年は,果樹類の栽培上,着果率を向上させるための重要な農作業となっている。一般におしべの葯の中で成熟した花粉は,開葯(葯が裂開すること)とともに飛びだすが,このような成熟した花粉のみがめしべの柱頭上で発芽できる。発芽してめしべの花柱の中を伸長した花粉管が,子房中の卵細胞に到達すると受精が完了する。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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