Tool steels

Japanese: 工具鋼 - こうぐこう(英語表記)tool steels
Tool steels

A general term for hard steel used as a material for machining tools. It is classified into the following six types based on composition and use.

(1) Carbon tool steel: A material for small tools that contains 0.6 to 1.3% carbon. Steels with a low carbon content are used for stamps, knives, and other items that require toughness, while steels with a high carbon content are used for files, razors, and other items that require hardness.

(2) Cutting alloy tool steel: Contains 1-1.5% carbon and 1-2% chromium, tungsten, vanadium, nickel, etc. Used for cutting tools, drills, cutters, etc.

(3) Impact-resistant alloy tool steel: Contains 0.5-1% carbon and 1-2% chromium, tungsten, and vanadium. Used for chisels, punches, etc.

(4) Wear-resistant, non-deformable alloy tool steel: Contains 1-2% carbon, plus chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium. Used for gauges, punching dies, wire-drawing dies, etc.

(5) Hot-working alloy tool steel: Contains 0.3-0.8% carbon and up to 10% chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, etc. Used for die blocks, etc.

(6) High-speed steel: Contains 0.7-1.6% carbon and large amounts of tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, etc. It maintains its sharpness even when cut at high speeds that cause the cutting edge to turn red, and is used as a high-quality tool material.

[Hajime Sudo]

[Reference item] | High speed steel | Carbon steel | Punch

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

機械加工用具の材料となる硬質の鋼の総称。組成と用途により次の6種に分類される。

(1)炭素工具鋼 0.6~1.3%の炭素を含む小型工具用材料。炭素量の少ないものは刻印やナイフなど靭性(じんせい)を要求されるもの、炭素量の多いものは、やすりやかみそりなど硬さを要求されるものに用いられる。

(2)切削用合金工具鋼 1~1.5%の炭素のほかに、1~2%のクロム、タングステン、バナジウム、ニッケルなどが添加される。バイト、ドリル、カッターなどに用いられる。

(3)耐衝撃用合金工具鋼 0.5~1%の炭素のほかに、1~2%のクロム、タングステン、バナジウムが添加される。たがね、ポンチなどに用いられる。

(4)耐摩不変形用合金工具鋼 1~2%の炭素のほかに、クロム、タングステン、モリブデン、バナジウムが添加される。ゲージ、抜き型、線引きダイスなどに用いられる。

(5)熱間加工用合金工具鋼 0.3~0.8%の炭素のほかに、10%以下のクロム、タングステン、モリブデンなどが添加される。ダイブロックなどに用いられる。

(6)高速度鋼 0.7~1.6%の炭素のほかに、多量のタングステン、モリブデン、バナジウム、クロム、コバルトなどが添加される。刃先が赤らむほど高速切削を行っても切れ味が保たれ、高級工具材料として用いる。

[須藤 一]

[参照項目] | 高速度鋼 | 炭素鋼 | ポンチ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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