What is the disease?This is a female disease whose main symptoms are short stature and a decrease in sex hormones. It may be accompanied by various external body malformations. It may also be accompanied by problems with higher brain functions such as spatial discrimination ability and attention. The severity of symptoms and the time when symptoms appear vary. What is the cause?This is a congenital disease caused by an abnormality in the number of chromosomes. A normal female has 22 pairs (44 chromosomes) of autosomes, plus two X chromosomes (46,XX). In contrast, patients with Turner syndrome are missing one X chromosome (45,X). This is a common disease, occurring in 1 to 2 out of every 1,000 live births. How symptoms manifest Severely affected patients may suffer from lymphedema (swelling of the hands and feet) from the neonatal period. Testing and diagnosisAfter puberty, blood tests will provide clues such as "low female hormones and high gonadotropic hormones." If this is confirmed, a chromosome test will be performed, and if it is proven to be "45,X," the diagnosis will be confirmed (there are other variants as well). Before puberty, if there are suspicious symptoms, a direct chromosome test will be performed. Treatment methodsGrowth hormone replacement therapy was approved in Japan in 1999 for the short stature caused by Turner syndrome. Patients are required to self-inject subcutaneously six to seven times a week. Female hormone deficiency is supplemented with oral medication. Oral medication is also used for osteoporosis. What to do if you notice an illnessDepending on the child's age, examinations at a paediatric, gynecological or endocrinological department may be recommended. Takeshi Futagawa and Toshihiro Suda Turner syndrome |
どんな病気か低身長および性ホルモン低下を主な徴候とする、女性の病気です。いろいろな体表奇形を伴うことがあります。空間識別能力や注意力など、高次脳機能の問題を合併することもあります。症状の程度や、症状が表面化する時期はさまざまです。 原因は何か染色体の数の異常による先天的な病気です。正常の女性は22対(44本)の常染色体に加え、性染色体であるX染色体を2本もっています(46,XX)。これに対しターナー症候群の患者さんではX染色体が1本不足しています(45,X)。女児1000人の出生に1~2人みられる、頻度の高い疾患です。 症状の現れ方 重症の患者さんでは、新生児期からリンパ浮腫(ふしゅ)(手足がむくむ)、 検査と診断思春期以降では、血液検査で「女性ホルモンが低く、性腺刺激ホルモンが高い状態」が手がかりになります。これが判明したら染色体検査を行い、「45,X」であることが証明されれば確定です(他に変化型もあります)。思春期以前では、疑わしい症状があれば直接染色体検査を行います。 治療の方法ターナー症候群の低身長に対して、成長ホルモン補充療法が1999年に国内承認されています。週6~7回の自己皮下注射を行います。女性ホルモンの不足に対しては、内服薬による補充が行われます。骨粗鬆症の内服治療も行われます。 病気に気づいたらどうする年齢により、小児科、婦人科あるいは内分泌内科での検査がすすめられます。 二川原 健, 須田 俊宏 ターナー症候群
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