Esen - Esen (English spelling)

Japanese: エセン - えせん(英語表記)Esen
Esen - Esen (English spelling)

He was the leader of the Choros tribe of the Oirats, the Mongol rulers of the 15th century (reigned 1439-54). He succeeded his father Togon and took control of all of Mongolia, conquering the Jurchens in the east and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate in the west, defeating the Uzbeks, and almost recreating the Mongol Empire of the time of Genghis Khan. He clashed with the Ming Dynasty of China over the issue of limiting the number of tribute envoys, and in 1449, he split into four groups and attacked, annihilating the Ming army at Tubok Fort and taking Emperor Yingzong prisoner (Tubo Incident). In 1451, he killed the nominal Northern Yuan Emperor Tokhta Buha Khan, and in 1453 he himself became the Great Yuan Tiansheng Khan, but was killed in a rebellion by his subordinates the following year, and the Oirats Empire collapsed. His descendant was Galdan of the Dzungar tribe.

[Hidehiro Okada]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

15世紀モンゴルの覇者オイラートのチョロス部の指導者(在位1439~54)。父トゴンを継いで全モンゴルの実権を握り、東方では女真(じょしん)を、西方では東チャガタイ・ハン国を制圧し、ウズベクを撃破し、ほとんどチンギス・ハン時代のモンゴル帝国を再現した。中国、明(みん)朝とは朝貢使節の人数の制限問題で衝突し、1449年、四手に分かれて進攻し、土木堡(どぼくほ)において明軍を撃滅して英宗皇帝を捕虜とした(土木の変)。51年に名目上の北元皇帝トクトア・ブハ・ハンを殺し、53年自ら大元天聖大ハンの位に上ったが、翌年、部下の反乱で殺され、オイラート帝国は瓦解(がかい)した。その子孫がジュンガル部のガルダンである。

[岡田英弘]

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