Charpentier

Japanese: シャルパンティエ

French composer. One of the leading figures in French music in the late 17th century. His birthplace and lineage are unknown. He studied in Italy for three years at a young age, learning under Calissimi. After returning to France, he was commissioned by Molière, who had parted ways with Lully, to compose pieces such as The Man with the Heart (1672-1673) for the comedie-ballet. Even after Molière's death, he continued working with the company (the precursor to the Comédie-Française) despite interference from Lully, who held full power over theatrical performances. In 1684, he became the conductor of the Jesuit church, composing pieces such as Miserere for the Jesuits (1685). From 1692, he served as a composition teacher to Philippe, Duke of Orléans, and died in 1698 as conductor of the Sainte-Chapelle. Although he did not reach the rank of Lully, who reigned supreme in the French musical world, he displayed more refined compositional techniques that inherited the Italian style, and was widely respected during his lifetime. He left behind a huge number of works in all genres, including religious music, rich in expression, with intricate counterpoint, bold chromatic scales and modulations, as well as opera and instrumental music, and is considered to be one of the first French composers of oratorios and cantatas. Only a portion of his works were published during his lifetime, and the full picture of his work was gradually revealed in the 20th century.

Charpentier

French composer. Born as the son of a baker, he studied violin and clarinet while working at a silk factory from the age of 15. The factory president, impressed by his talent, encouraged him to enter the Lille Conservatoire. He also received a scholarship to study at the Paris Conservatoire, where he studied under Massenet and others. He received the Prix de Rome and completed one of his masterpieces, the orchestral piece Impressions of Italy (1890), while in Rome. Its Paris premiere the following year was a great success, and he became famous. He further established his foothold by releasing a three-act symphonic drama, Life of a Poet (1891, later adapted into the opera Julien), based on a libretto he wrote himself, and songs based on poems by Baudelaire and Verlaine, and an opera, Louise (1889-1896, premiered at the Opéra-Comique in Paris in 1900). This opera, which depicts a realistic portrayal of free love and female independence with ordinary men and women as the main characters, garnered overwhelming support from audiences and became one of the classics of modern French opera. In 1902, she founded the Mimi Pinson Conservatory for working women.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

フランスの作曲家。17世紀後半のフランス音楽を代表する大家の一人。生地や家系は判っていない。若くしてイタリアに３年間留学し，カリッシミの門に学ぶ。フランス帰国後，リュリと袂(たもと)を分かったモリエールの依頼を受け，そのコメディ・バレエのために《気で病む男》（1672年−1673年）などを作曲。モリエールの死後も，劇上演上の全権を握るリュリの横槍(よこやり)にもかかわらず一座（コメディ・フランセーズの前身）の仕事を続けた。1684年にイエズス会の教会楽長に就任し，《イエズス会のためのミゼレーレ》（1685年）などを作曲。1692年からはオルレアン公フィリップの作曲教師を務め，1698年サント・シャペル楽長となり生涯を閉じる。フランス楽壇に君臨したリュリに地位の上では及ばなかったものの，イタリアの様式を引き継ぐ，より洗練された作曲技巧をみせ，生前から広く尊敬を集めた。巧緻な対位法，大胆な半音階と転調など，豊かな表現をたたえた宗教音楽を中心に，オペラ，器楽曲などあらゆるジャンルに膨大な数の作品を残し，オラトリオやカンタータをフランスで最初に作曲した一人とされる。その作品は生前には一部しか出版されず，20世紀に入って徐々にその全貌を明らかにした。

シャルパンティエ

フランスの作曲家。パン屋の息子として生まれ，バイオリンとクラリネットを学ぶ一方，15歳から製糸工場で働く。その才能に驚嘆した工場社長の肝いりでリール音楽院に入学。奨学金を得てパリ音楽院でも学び，マスネーらに師事した。ローマ大賞を得てローマ滞在中に代表作の一つ，管弦楽曲《イタリアの印象》（1890年）を完成。翌年のパリ初演で大成功をおさめ，その名を高めた。自作の台本による３幕の交響劇《詩人の生活》（1891年，のちオペラ《ジュリアン》に改作），ボードレールやベルレーヌの詩による歌曲を発表してさらに地歩を固め，オペラ《ルイーズ》（1889年−1896年。1900年パリのオペラ・コミック座で初演）を発表。市井の男女を主人公に，自由恋愛と女性の自立をリアリスティックに描いたこのオペラは聴衆の圧倒的な支持を集め，近代フランス・オペラの古典の一つとなった。1902年，働く女性のための〈ミミ・パンソン音楽院〉を設立。

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