Mr. Takubatsu

A tribe of the Xianbei, a nomadic people of North Asia. They first appeared in historical records in the mid-3rd century during the reign of Tuoba Liwei, and established their base in Shengle (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China). When the Jin dynasty suffered from the Yongjia Rebellion, they expected Tuoba Yilu to help them, and in 310 appointed Tuoba Yilu as Duke of Dai, giving him land in northern Shanxi Province, and in 315 appointed him King of Dai. The state of Dai later established its own era name, and once grew in power after leaving the Jin dynasty's investiture system, but was defeated by the Qin dynasty 376 years ago and destroyed, before being restored as the Northern Wei dynasty under Tuoba Gui in 386. It is believed that their original habitat was the Greater Hinggan Mountains, where a stone chamber of the Xianbei ancestral temple, to which the Northern Wei Emperor Taiwu sent an envoy to worship, was discovered in 1980. As part of a series of reforms under Emperor Xiaowen at the end of the 5th century, the Tuoba clan was renamed Yuan.

[Keifumi Kubozoe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

北アジアの遊牧民、鮮卑(せんぴ)種中の一部族。3世紀なかば拓跋力微(りきび)のとき史書に姿を現し、盛楽（中国、内モンゴル自治区）に根拠を置いた。晋(しん)は永嘉(えいか)の乱に苦しむと、その援助を期待して拓跋猗盧(いろ)を310年、代公に封じて山西省北部の地を与え、315年には代王に封じた。代国はのち年号をたてて晋の冊封(さくほう)下より離れ一時国威を伸ばしたが、376年前秦(ぜんしん)に敗れていったん滅び、386年拓跋珪(けい)のもとで北魏(ほくぎ)王朝として復興した。その原住地は大興安嶺(だいこうあんれい)であったと考えられ、そこからは、北魏の太武帝が使者を派遣して祀(まつ)った鮮卑族の祖廟(そびょう)の石室が1980年に発見されている。なお、5世紀末の孝文帝の一連の改革の一環として、拓跋氏は元(げん)氏と改姓された。

［窪添慶文］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例