Takahata

Japanese: 高機 - たかはた
Takahata

A type of hand loom. Also called Yamato loom or Kyo loom. The name Takafuki was probably given because the waist is higher than that of Izari loom. However, it should be noted that in ancient documents, especially those related to Nishijin in Kyoto, or when the name Takafuki is used, it means Sorahiki loom, and the Takafuki as it is known in the region is called Nimai loom. Takafuki was introduced from the Jiangnan region of China in the middle of the 5th century and was mainly used for weaving silk fabrics, but it did not become popular among the general public. From around the mid-modern period, as silk and cotton fabrics became more widespread nationwide, it spread from the center to various regions. Today, only a few remain in regions that produce traditional textiles. It is structured with two or more heddles, and the sash is opened by stepping on a treadle. Most were woven in plain weave, but diagonal and twill were also woven in some regions. The loom was originally made for silk, so the base was long, but when it was converted to be used for cotton and linen, the length was shortened, and Hankyo looms and Hankyo looms were born. Therefore, the type of Takafuna has its own characteristics depending on the region, and it is possible to know the distribution area and the lineage of the spread of textile production.

[Kadoyama Yukihiro]

[Reference] | Loom

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

手織機の一種。大和(やまと)機、京機ともいう。高機の名称は、居座(いざり)機に対して腰の位置が高くなっていることからつけられたのであろう。ただ、古文書、とくに京都西陣(にしじん)関係の文書、あるいは呼称に高機とある場合は空引(そらひき)機のことで、地方でいう高機を二枚機と称していることに注意すべきである。高機は、5世紀なかばごろに中国の江南地方から伝えられたもので、主として絹織物の製織に使われたが、一般には普及しなかった。近世中期ごろから絹、木綿織物の全国的普及に伴い、中央から各地へ伝わった。現在では伝統的織物を生産する地方にわずかに残されている。構造は、二枚以上の綜絖(そうこう)を使い、踏木(ふみき)を踏んで開口するもので、多くは平織を織ったが、地方により斜子(ななこ)、綾(あや)なども製織した。もと絹用として製作されているため機台は長かったが、木綿、麻へも転用されると、長さを短くし、半京(はんきょう)機、半京が生まれた。したがって高機の形式は各地によって特色があり、織物生産の分布範囲や伝播(でんぱ)の系統を知ることができる。

[角山幸洋]

[参照項目] | 織機

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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